HCAD 222 EXAM 1 Question and
answers 2023 verified to pass
"Normal Aging" -vision, hearing, mobolity - correct answers Vision:
-Begin mid-life, stabilizes at 70-80
-Then further changes--> 95% >70 yrs--> cataracts or other vision problems
-To compensate: Increase illumination, Reduce glare, Use large, clear visual images,
Increase contrast.
Hearing:
-Begin midlife, mild to 60-70
-Reduced ability to hear low intensity and high frequency sounds. Ex. "Thats the wrong
way" vs. "thats the long way"
-To improve communication: Raising voice does not help, Lower pitch and speak slowly,
Rephrase the sentence, Avoid background noise, Face-to-face facilitates lip reading
Mobility:
-Combined functions of cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems.
-Common threats: arthritis, strokes, pulmonary disease
-Interventions to come with impairments: Identify alternative or adaptive ways of
accomplishing activities of daily living (ADL's)
Cohort - correct answers Refers to people who were born at the same time and thus
share similar life experiences
Senior population changes/trends - correct answers -Our generation will live longer but
will have less babies
-Birth control
-Better healthcare system
-New advances in technology
Population Shift - correct answers -Lower fertility rate
-Increased life expectancy
-Graying of the baby boomers
Young-old, Old-old, Oldest-old - correct answers Young old: 65-74
Old-old:75-84
Oldest-old: 85+
Influences on the life course - correct answers Social institutions and policies:
-Order and predictability or dependency on the system
-Time and the life course
-"Successful aging"
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Rituals/Rites of passage - correct answers Ceremonies that mark important transitional
periods in a persons life. Usually involve ritual activities and teachings designed to strip
individuals of their original roles and prepare them for new ones.
Ex. Confirmation, Graduating, Drivers License, Job, Marriage, Children/Grandchildren
Modernization Theory - correct answers The view that nations can be placed on a
continuum from least developed to most developed, according to such indicators as the
level of industrialization or the degree of urbanization, with those exhibiting certain
qualities of social structure termed modern; basic premise is that the aged were revered
in the past and that modernization has caused the status of the aged to decline.
Continuity Theory - correct answers A more formal elaboration of activity theory; uses
a life course perspective to define normal aging and to distinguish it from pathological
aging. Carrying on leisure activities and religious
Free radical theory - correct answers View that free radicals contribute to the aging
process by forming age pigment and by producing cross-links
Disengagement theory - correct answers The first formal theory of aging; the view that
normal aging involves a natural and inevitable mutual withdrawal or disengagement,
resulting in decreasing interaction between an aging person and others.
Cross-linkage theory - correct answers A theory of biological aging; the accumulation
of cross-linked collagen is responsible for many changes associated with aging such as
the loss of elasticity of the skin, hardening of the arteries of the circulatory system, and
stiffness of joints throughout the body
Activity theory - correct answers A theory of aging which states that the psychological
and social needs of the elderly are no difference from those of the middle-aged and that
it is neither normal nor natural for older people to become isolated and withdrawn.
Life course vs. Life span - correct answers Life course is the interaction between
historical events, personal decisions, and individual opportunities; experiences early in
life affect subsequent outcome and life span is the longest number of years and
member of species has been known to survive
*Life span is always longer than life course
"Agism" - correct answers A systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against
people because they are old
Activity vs. Disengagement - correct answers The activity theory of aging proposes
that older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions,
where as the disengagement theory proposed that as we age we become unattached
from society.Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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