BIOLOGY MAJOR FIELD TEST 2024 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED AND VERIFIED

BIOLOGY MAJOR FIELD TEST 2024 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED AND VERIFIED Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - CORRECT ANSWER Adaptive - "specific response" Has immunological memory Later response (3-7 days) Uses B and T cells Effectiveness increases with exposure Innate- "nonspecific response" 1st line of defense Response within 12 hours Lacks immunological memory Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER Benefit to both partners Normally partners cannot live seperately Cooperation - CORRECT ANSWER A beneficial but not obligate form of symbiosis Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER One partner benefits, the other is neither helped or harmed Ammensalism - CORRECT ANSWER The negative impact of one organism on another due to release of specific compounds BIOLOGY MAJOR FIELD TEST 2024 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED AND VERIFIED If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______ virulent compare to another pathogen that is vector-borne. - CORRECT ANSWER Less virulent Toxin - CORRECT ANSWER Specific substance that alters the normal metabolism of the host cell Autotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon source from atmospheric CO2 Heterotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon source from organic compounds Phototrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Energy source is light Chemotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Energy source is from oxidation of chemical compounds Lithotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Electron source from reduction of inorganic substances Organotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Electron source from organic compounds Passive diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of small molecules across a cellular membrane to go from high concentration to low with the potential graduation - no energy required Facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER Use of a carrier protein to assist the transportation of molecules across the cellular membrane Pure culture - CORRECT ANSWER Assumption that all the cells grown on the plate have arose from one single ancestor cell