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Crime Scene Investigation IAI QUESTIONS AND ANSWRS 2024/2025
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Crime Scene Investigation IAI QUESTIONS AND ANSWRS 2024/2025 Final analysis is done where? In the courtroom Major Goals of a Crime Scene Search * The recongnition and identification of physical evidence * The collection and proper preservation of the evidence * Reconstrutction of the crime * To assist detectives in forming a theory about the crime The job of the CSI in "forensic science" Is to properly recongnize, identify, collect, and preserve those pieces o f evidence that begin the process known as justice. CSIs are responsible for what two of the four steps in the admissiblity of phiysical evidence for court? recognition and collection Physical evidence leads to the linkage of... the victim, perpetrator and the scene Four Major Factors that Determine the Value of Physical Evidence Recognition -the CSI must have the knowledge and understanding to recongnize potential items of physical evidence located at the crime scene Collection -Utilizing the appropriate ski lls and following accepted protocols to gather and preserve the physical evidence Testing Procedures -Application of acceptable scientific procedures to analyze the physical evidence Courtroom Presentation -Qualifications of the witnesses to provide objectiv e reports on the forensic analysis of the evidence Forensic Archeologist Utilizes archaeological recovery techniques at scenes of mass graves or exhumations Forensic Botanist Can aid in determining time since death or assist in placing a suspect or victim at a location by studying the anatomy of plant evenidence Forensic Entomologist Can evaluate the life cycle of insects found at the scene or on the body of a victim to assist in establishing investigative leads such as the movement of a body after death, m anner of death, and the postmortem interval Forensic Odontologist Dentist with special training in the evaluation and handling of dental evidence, including bitemark comparison and the identification of victims/suspects Forensic Pathologist A medical docto r with additional specialty training in determination of injuries and disease that cause death Medical Examiner A medical doctor with five or more years of specialized training in recognition of the cause and manner of death Coroner An eleted or appointed official who conducts death investigations. the coroner is not required to have a medical background and his/her duties are dictated by jurisdiction. FSAB Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board - provides accreditation to those certifying bo dies that meet stringent requirements for training, education, experience, and testing of individual forensic scientist and specialist. the duty of the expert witness is to educate the jury and provide testimony using terminology that is easily explainable and not misunderstood. Essential elements of exper witness testimony Clarity, simplicity, and honesty expert witness testimony may be challenged in the following ways: *the case may not require the expertise *Basic qualifications and ability to give an op inion in the field at issue *Insufficient education or experience to have anything of value to offer (no vaule added) *the methodology utilized to support the opinion may not be scientifically sound or capable of supporting the profered opinion *The method ology may be scientifically sound, but the opinion based on the method is not sufficiently derived from that scientific methodology Acts of commission Intentional Acts of omission unintentional O.J. effect discrediting the chain of evidence, the scientists , or the science is known as the OJ effect and has become a key defense technique Physical evidence is valuable in many aspects and can reveal data that will aid the investigation by: *Providing essential information on the facts of the case -corpus delicti *Revealing the modus operandi (MO) -the preferred method of operation *Demonstrating linkages between the vicitm, suspects, locations, and objects *Proving or disproving witeness statements *Identifying a suspect through DNA or other individualization *Classifying unknown substances *Reconstructing the crime scene -how a crime was committed *Developing investigative leads Corpus delicti facts of the case MO-Modus Operandi the preferred method of operation Class characteristics physical evidence that cannot b e related to a common origin with a high degree of certainty, therefore it can only be associated with a group and never a single source Indivdual characteristics are distinct differences in the physical evidence that allow it to be associated with a single source and allow the examiner to determine the uniqueness of any single object or piece of evidence Associative evidence items of physical evidence located during a crime scene search can be used to demonstrate linkage or to "associate" the victim to the suspect or to a particular location What ammendment protects against unreasonable search and seizure Fourth amedment Mincey v. Arizona dictated what actions law enfo rcement personnel are authorized to take without first obtaining a warrant Items that can be obtained without obtaining a warrant 1. Seach the scene for rictims and render aid in areas where a victim could resonably be found 2. Enter the scene to search fo r perpetrators (only in areas where a suspect could be located) 3.While officers are legally in a location performing either of the two aforementioned actions, they may swize items of evidentiary nature that are in plain view -however, this should only occu r in exigent circumstances, such as an unsecured weapon Transient evidence is defined as physical evidence that may be lost forever if not immediately preserved Fruit of the poisonous treeThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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