Psychology 1101- Exam 1 with Complete Solutions

Psychology 1101- Exam 1 with Complete Solutions Contemporary Psychology the study of behavior and mental processes Behaviorism theory that claims that both animal and human behavior can be controlled by conditioning Clinical Psychology psychology used for the purpose of treating behavior and mental issues Nature vs. Nurture discussion of whether people develop due to natural effects (genetics) or nurturing (parental and social influences) Scientific Attitude process one must have to effectively approach science and psychology; includes being a skeptic, curiosity, desire for understanding, willingness to explore, asking questions, and accepting outcomes Critical Thinking being able to think "outside the box" and find appropriate conclusions and explanations for those conclusions Hindsight Bias people will have a tendency to claim that they "expected the outcome" after it happened Overconfidence people will have a tendency to overestimate their accuracy based on previous assumptions Intuition the ability to understand a concept immediately or very quickly Theory explanation of observations Hypothesis a testable prediction Operational Definition stating procedures and defining variables and terms Variables action (IV) and reaction (DV) Replication repeating the essence of a study Case Study looking at a single case to gain additional understanding of it's circumstances; intent is to generalize to other related cases Naturalistic Observation observing a person or animal in their regular day to day life (habitat); usually focused on one or more behaviors for monitoring Survey asking people to report opinions, attitudes, or behaviors; wording can be biased; sampling must be used Experiment experimental method is used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables; use a control and experimental group Sample Size larger samples give a better representation of the whole population Random Selection selecting random people to respond as part of the sample Representative Selection choosing a selection of the population that most closely represents the overall population in terms of demographics