Microbiology Chapter 4 UTA Tholen Questions and Answers

Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) are - Answer-everywhere. Prokaryotes are - Answer-VERY adaptable & resilient Prokaryotes have the ability to - Answer-switch metabolic or respiration methods Mutualism - Answer-both populations benefit; ex: gut nutrition metabolism Amensalism - Answer-one population is harmed and the other is unaffected; ex: antimicrobial defense on skin Commensalism - Answer-one population is benefitted and the other is unaffected; ex: Skin cells as food source Neutralism - Answer-both populations are unaffected; Spores in soil Parasitism - Answer-one population is benefitted, the other is harmed; ex: Tuberculosis Polymicrobial "communities" - Answer-group of interacting populations of organisms Prokaryotes + Eukaryote microbes= microbes - Answer-microbiome Microbiota - Answer-all prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that are associated with a certain organism or environment cooperative - Answer-biofilm formation competing - Answer-scarce nutrientsResident microbiota - Answer-microorganisms that constantly live in/on our bodies transient microbiota - Answer-microorganisms temporarily found in the human body, may include pathogenic microorganisms prokaryotes - Answer-don't reproduce sexually; classified by stains BEST APPROACH to prokaryotes - Answer-molecular + biochemical + microscopy Standard for bacterial taxonomy - Answer-Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology Largest collection of microbes available - Answer-American Type Culture Collection gram positive prokaryotes - Answer-LOW guanine-cytosine nucleotides; HIGH G-C gram negative prokaryotes - Answer-proteobacteria and spirochetes Atypical - Answer-neither Alphaproteobacteria - Answer-Oliotrophs live in low nutrients environments; Chlamydia & Rickettsia are prominent genera (Obligate intracellular and must have a host to be metabolically active) Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsia - Answer-causative agents for Rocky mountain spotted fever & typhus fevers Alphaproteobacteria: Chlamydia - Answer-causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum (STD) Betoproteobacteria - Answer-Eutrophs require many nutrients; prominent genera include Bordetella and NeisseriaBetoproteobacteria: Bordetella - Answer-causative agents whooping (pertussis) cough; produces toxins to paralyze lung cilia Betoproteobacteria: Neisseria gonorrhea - Answer-causative agent for gonorrhea STD Betoproteobacteria: Neisseria meningitides - Answer-causative agent for bacterial meningitis