AQA A Level Psychology Attachment
Exam 2024
1.What is an attachment? - ANS -An emotional link between the child and their primary caregiver, which ties them together.
2.Four ways an attachment can be tested? - ANS -1. Seeking Proximity
2. Distress on separation
3. Joy on reunion
4. General Behavior
3.What is a bond? - ANS -A bond is a set of feelings that ties one person to another
4.Benefits of an attachment - ANS -Survival
Food
Love Security
5.Two caregiver-infant interactions are... - ANS -Reciprocity and Interactional Synchrony
6.What is reciprocity? - ANS -Reciprocity is a description of how two people interact, the mother infant interaction is reciprocal in that they both respond to each other’s signal and each shows a response from the other.
7.What is interactional synchrony? - ANS -Where mother and infant reflect both the actions and emotions of one and other and do this in a coordinated manner.
8.Outline research that supports reciprocity - ANS -Feldman found that both babies have periodic alert phases to signal that they are ready to interact and mothers respond to this on average 2/3rds of the time. He also found that from 3 months of age this interaction is more frequent and involved close attention to verbal signals and facial expressions.
Brazelton discovered the 'Dance' in which each partner responds to each other’s moves. Both the baby and the PCG can initiate interactions
and take turns in doing so.
9.Outline research that supports interactional synchrony - ANS -
Meltzoff and Moore conducted a study in which they observed infants at two weeks old and had adults show one of three facial expressions or one of three gestures. The children response was filmed and identified by independent observers. They found an association between the action of the adult and the action returned by the babies.
Isabella observed 30 mothers and infants and found that high levels of synchrony were associated with better mother-infant attachment.
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