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NU570 Patho Final Study Questions and Complete Solutions
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NU570 Patho Final Study Questions and Complete Solutions
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NU570 Patho Final Study Questions andComplete Solutions
A 40-year old man had retro-sternal pain that was most pronounced when lying down after meals. This
was associated with regurgitation of gastric acid into his mouth. What is the most likely cause of this
condition? - Correct Ans: SLIDING HIATIAL HERNIA He has acid reflux and may have Barrett's esophagus.
Most likely the cause of this that is identifiable is a sliding hiatial hernia
A 60-year old man with a history of heavy smoking and alcohol consumption could not swallow meat.
What could account for dysphagia in this patient? - Correct Ans: R/O ESOPHAGEAL CA Think obstruction.
It can not be congenital. R/O esophageal cancer. The only known risk factors are smoking, alcohol,
Barretts esophagus and reflux
A 40-year old man complained of epigastric pain 3 to 4 hours after meals. He could pinpoint the most
painful site on the anterior abdominal wall. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Ans: PUD-can
distinguish based on time after meals if it is duodenal or gastric ulcer H pylori.
A 20-year old woman complained of frequent bowel movements and bloody stools. Biopsy of the colon
revealed ulceration of the superficial bowel mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Ans:
ULCERATIVE COLITIS-blood superficial mucosa
Chrons-transmural inflamation goes all the way through the wall of the colon abssess
A 60-year old man reported having thinned stools that were tinged with blood. What is a likely
diagnosis? - Correct Ans: COLE RECTAL CANCER r/o obstruction
A 20-year old woman became jaundiced 3 weeks after vacationing in Mexico. She had no other
symptoms. Could a viral infection be responsible her condition? - Correct Ans: YES HEP A- the water
supply may be contaminated. Will not become chronic. Self limited. Flu like symptoms. Life time
immunity
A chronic alcoholic developed high fever, nausea, and vomiting accompanied by jaundice after a 3-day
drinking binge. What is the likely cause of acute hepatitis in this patient? - Correct Ans: ALCOHOLIC HEP-
an alcoholic binge drinking flu like symptoms inflammation of the liver bc of injury to the liver
Binge drinking can also cause aspiration pneumonia, and acute pancreatitis
, An obese, 45-year old woman developed spasmodic pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen 1-
hour after ingesting a fat-laden meal. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Ans:
GALLSTONES,CHOLECYSTITIS,CHOLELITHIASIS this pain sometimes radiates to the back
Sudden enlargement of the liver was noted in a 50-year old man who was infected with hepatitis B virus
during puberty and who developed signs of cirrhosis at the age of 40 years. The differential diagnosis
included liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Which test should be ordered to substantiate the
diagnosis of liver cancer? - Correct Ans: ALPHA FETOPROTEIN- Hep B can be chronic Alpha fetaoprotein
blood test for cancer. Elevated in pt with liver cancer.
Following two-days of heavy drinking, a 40-year old man developed upper abdominal pain. You suspect
acute pancreatitis. Which blood tests should you order? - Correct Ans: AMYLASE LIPASE AND CBC
A chronic alcoholic had indigestion and bulky, foul-smelling fatty stools (steatorrhea). Radiographic
examination of the abdomen revealed dystrophic calcification of the pancreas. What was the most likely
cause of this condition? - Correct Ans: CHRONIC PANCREATITIS MALABSORPTION- pancreatic enzymes
are necessary to breakdown and digest the food and they move through the pancreatic duct to the
duodenum. So without those enzymes you are going to have malabsorption and foul smelling fatty
stools.
The mother of a 3-month old child palpated a mass on the left side of the child's abdomen. What is the
most likely diagnosis for this mass? What would the diagnosis be if this mass were a neoplasm? - Correct
Ans: CYSTIC RENAL DYSPLASIA- birth defect abdominal mass on the flank in a child could be many things.
but if it is a tumor it would be WILMS TUMOR. If neoplasm it would be wilms tumor.
A 40-year old man has end-stage kidney failure and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. What is the most likely
diagnosis? - Correct Ans: ADULT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE genetic
A 4-year old child developed puffiness around the eyes and became chronically sleepily 2 weeks after an
episode of "strep-throat". The mother noted that the child's urine was dark brown and was being
excreted in small amounts. What is the probably diagnosis? - Correct Ans: Post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis- oligueria and peripheral edema. Infectious disease process centered not on the
collecting ducts but it is centered on the glomerulus and bowman's capsule and capillary tuft. The
inflammatory cells are right there NEPHRITIC SYNDROME
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