IAI - CSA Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation Exam 2024 Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+ Evidence - ANSWER -Something legally submitted to a competent trier of fact as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter under investigation. Two Broad Types of Evidence - ANSWER -1. Testimonial Evidence 2. Real, or Physical Evidence What is Physical Evidence? - ANSWER -Any Type of Evidence with an objective existence, that is anything with size, shape, and dimension. Physical Evidence may also be considered either - ANSWER -1. Direct evidence (evidence that supports a conclusion of fact without inference) OR 2. Circumstantial evidence (evidence that requires inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact). Physical Evidence - ANSWER -May be more reliable than eyewitnesses to crimes. CSI Effect - ANSWER -Has made jurors expect, even demand, physical evidence. One Factor making the public's notion of the role of physical evidence - ANSWER -Science and technology are perceived by most of the public to be unbiased and not subject to manip ulation. Negative Evidence - ANSWER -the absence of physical evidence. May provide useful information and even stop defense arguments at the time of trial Can every item of physical evidence be directly associated to a specific person, place, or thing and believe that it is possible to link that evidence to a unique source. - ANSWER -No Can Majority of Physical Evidence found at crime scenes be only Classified - ANSWER -True Classification of Evidence - ANSWER -Meaning physical evidence placed into groups w ith all other items having the same properties or class characteristics. Types of Pattern Evidence - ANSWER -(fingerprints, firearms evidence, footwear evidence, tire impressions, and tool marks) Practitioners would offer a conclusive opinion that the known and questioned item came from a common source to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty. The ability to associate an item of evidence to a sole, unique source is currently being hotly debated. - ANSWER -True What does DNA testing use? - ANSWER -Statistical occurrence of discrete pieces of genetic material or alleles. Can physical evidence that is identified corroborate testimony, place a subject at a scene, and be useful in a variety of ways as an interrogation tool? - ANSWER -Yes Chain of Custo dy - ANSWER -Proof that evidence collected during an investigation and the evidence ultimately submitted to the court are one and the same. To prove that the integrity of the physical evidence has been maintained. Shows who had contact with the evidence, at what time, under what circumstances, and what changes, if any, were made to the evidence. General Rule on collecting evidence - ANSWER -As much material as is reasonably possible to collect should be taken. More is better than less. What is needed for kn own/exemplar samples for DNA? - ANSWER -Blood samples or buccal (cheek) swabs from the victim and suspect are needed. What is needed for known/reference or exemplar samples for Automobile Specimens? - ANSWER -A known sample of paint from the questioned vehicle must be submitted for comparison. What is a good practice for packaging small objects? - ANSWER -Double -
wrap very small objects such as hair, fibers, or glass fragments. These items should first be folded up in a sheet of paper, such as a pharmacist's fold, and then placed in an envelope How should any potential hazard evidence be labeled? - ANSWER -Labeled with any potential hazards such as biohazard stickers Use of Expert Witnesses - ANSWER -Because scientific principles relating to physical evidence are often beyond the knowledge of laypeople, courts permit persons with specialized training and skills to testify in court to explain and interpret scientific evidence to juries, as well as offer their opinion based on the evidence. Expert witnesses can b e used when the subject of the testimony is beyond the experience and knowledge of ordinary laypeople. What is the deciding factor for potential bias? - ANSWER -The integrity of the professional and the organization. All forensic practitioners owe a duty to the truth. What is the guidelines for Forensic Labs? - ANSWER -The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors* (ASCLD) has a code of professional
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