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Bio & Neuropsychology Essential Summary
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  • Course
  • Bio- en Neuropsychologie
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Leiden (UL)
  • Book
  • Biological Psychology

All you need to know for this course in one document. A combination of the lecture slides and book provides you with the best study guide for your exam. A clear, concise summary with diagrams to help you achieve the best grade possible! If you study this document you are guaranteed to get a good gr...

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  • Yes
  • March 26, 2019
  • 30
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

Subjects

  • psychology
  • psychologie
  • biopsychology
  • neuropsychology
  • biology
  • neuroscience
  • bio neuropsychology

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  • Psychologie
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Bio & Neuropsychology



Essential Key Terms to
Know
A summary of all the most important terms you need to know



Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses




Terms:
Afferent: bring info in
Efferent: brings info out

Neuron Shapes
Different neuron shapes allow us to determine different things
Ex: bee has dense neurons allowing her to absorb various information from different senses




Different neurons have different locations
Ex: pyramidal cells – motor cortex to spinal cord to send motoric output
Bipolar cells – retina (process visual info)
Purkinje - cerebellum

, Bio & Neuropsychology


Glial cells:
 Smaller + numerous than neurons
Neurons: receive and pass info
Glial: different function (hygiene, nutrition)

Astrocytes: provide physical and nutritional support, clean up dead neurons “debris”,
coordinate activity (shortly inhibiting + synchronizing), guide formation and elimination of
synapses
Microglia: Part of immune system – digest waste material + toxins
Oligodendrocytes: build myelin sheath in CENTRAL NS (brain and spinal cord), + nutrients
Schwann cells: build myelin sheaths in PERIPHERAL NS around certain vertebrate axons +
nutrients
Radial glia: guide migration of neurons, axons, dendrites during embryonic development

Differences from neurons:
 Glial cells only have ONE axon
 Glial cells cannot generate action potentials (do have resting potentials)
 Glial cells DON’T have chemical synapses

Blood-brain barrier: protects brain from large charged molecules. Small,
uncharged, soluble in fat molecules can enter.
 Wall of endothelial cells

Resting Potential:
Polarization: electrical gradient: difference between inside and outside of cell
Resting potential: difference in electrical charge in a resting neuron. Resting potential has
negative charge
Sodium-potassium pump: pumps potassium (K) into the cell and sodium (Na) out of cell
Concentration gradient: sodium wants to enter cell
Sodium: two forces want to work sodium into neuron, Potassium: one force wants
potassium into cell and one wants it out


Action Potential:

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