PSYC 255 (online)- Quiz 1 (Chapter 1 & 2) Assessment Test With Explanations Of Answers| 2024.

Alternative explanations - correct answer Part of causal inference; a potential alternative cause of an observed relationship between variables. Applied research - correct answer Conducting research to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions. Authority - correct answer The capacity to influence others either directly or indirectly. Formal authority, for example, enables an individual to exert influence as a result of either high, legally recognized office (legitimate authority). Basic Research - correct answer Research tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior. Covariation of cause and effect - correct answer Part of causal inference; observing that a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in a second variable. Empiricism - correct answer Use of objective observations to answer a question about the nature of behavior. The idea that knowledge is based on observations. Falsifiability - correct answer The principle that a good scientific idea or theory should be capable of being shown to be false when tested using scientific methods. Goals of behavioral science - correct answer Scientific research on behavior has four general goals 1) to describe behavior, 2) to predict behavior, 3) to determine the cause of behavior and 4) to understand or explain behavior. All are closely intertwined. Intuition - correct answer Your personal judgement or a single story about one person's experience tells you. Peer review - correct answer The process of judging the scientific merit of research through review by other scientists with the expertise to evaluate the research. Program evaluation - correct answer Research designed to asses procedures that are designed to produce certain changes or outcomes in a target population. Social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system, industry, health care, and mental health institutions. Pseudoscience - correct answer Claims that are made on that basis of evidence that, despite appearances, is not based on the principles of the scientific method. This is a "fake" science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research. Skepticism - correct answer That ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations. Temporal precedence - correct answer Part of causal inference; the cause occurs before the effect. Abstract - correct answer is a summary of the research report and typically runs no more than 120 words in length. It includes information about the hypothesis, the procedure, and the broad procedure, and the broad pattern of results. Discussion section - correct answer the researcher reviews the research from various perspectives. Hypothesis - correct answer An assertion about what is true in a particular situation; often, a statement asserting that two or more variables are related to one another. A tentative idea or question that is waiting for evidence to support or refute it. Introduction section - correct answer the researcher outlines the problem that has been investigated. The investigator introduces the research in a logical format that shows how past research and theory are connected to the current research problem and the expected results. Literature review - correct answer A written summary and evaluation of the existing literature on a specific topic. Method section - correct answer is divided into subsections, with the number of subsections determined by the author and dependent on the complexity of the research design. Prediction - correct answer is a guess at the outcome of a hypothesis. If a prediction is confirmed by the results of the study. PsycINFO - correct answer is a database of abstracts of literature in the field of psychology. It is produced by the American Psychological Association and distributed on the association's APA PsycNET and through third-party vendors. Research questions - correct answer They ask and answer questions. Results section - correct answer the researcher presents the finds, usually in three ways. 1) there is a description in narrative form 2) the results are described in statistical language 3) the material is often depicted in tables and graphs. Science Citation Index (SCI) - correct answer search resources includes disciples such as biology, chemistry, biomedicine, and pharmacology. Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) - correct answer search resources includes social and behavioral sciences such as sociology and criminal justice. Theory - correct answer A systematic, coherent, and logical set of ideas about a particular topic of phenomenon that serves to organize and explain data and generate new knowledge. Web of Science - correct answer computer database. Description of Behavior - correct answer First goal of science is to describe behavior- which can be something observable (such as running speed, eye gaze, or loudness of laughter) or something less observable (such as self-reports of perceptions of attractiveness.) Prediction of Behavior - correct answer