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comparative government final exam/197 Questions and Answers
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comparative government finalexam/197 Questions and Answers
when we explain the mechanism by which change in one or more variables
affects change in one or more variables, its is called - -causation
-in terms of the Comparative Method, when several cases have the same
outcome, are very different in every other way, but have only one attribute
in common that causes the outcome, it is called - -the method of agreement
-when we observe two variables (such as occurrence of riots and ice-cream
consumption) increasing or decreasing with each other, it is called - -
correlation
-the entity that has a monopoly over the legitimate use of violence within a
certain territory is called - -a state
-what organization has the authority to act on behalf of a state, and has
people who have the right to make decisions that affect everyone in a state?
- -government
-the United Kingdom is an example of - -a multi-national state
-a decentralized form of political organization with multiple, overlapping
forms of sovereignty and borders, which characterized traditional societies is
called - -feudalism
-in Europe, the desire of rulers succeed in warfare and increased food
production led to - -the formation of states
-because they were imposed by European colonizers who ignored
cultural/ethnic ties and used their power to simply extract resources, be it
natural or labor, post-colonial late developing states often - -lack both
authority and legitimacy
-state strength is a combination of - -state legitimacy and state
effectiveness
-a peaceful and legal political process that allows citizens a realistic and
regular opportunity to remove incumbents from office signifies this aspect of
democracy - -accountability
, -in what system of government are the origins and survivability of the head
of the executive and the legislature as a whole entirely separate? - -
presidential system
-what type of a regime demands full participation of citizens, but disallows
any real contestation? - -totalitarian
-a state whose constitution grants the national government "exclusive and
final authority" across the entire territory is called - -a unitary state
-a system of government where the executive and legislative branches are
"fused" in terms of origins and survival is called - -a parliamentary system
-which theory predicts that economic development creates a middle class
that is supportive of democracy? - -modernization theory
-a political system that has elements of democracy like elections and free
and fair voting, but lacks key features like human rights and freedom of
speech is called - -illiberal democracy
-when the availability of petroleum deposits undermines democratization in
a society, the phenomenon is explained through - -resource curse theroy
-the economic, political, and military elites who can choose whether
someone becomes a leader (or must leave leadership positions) in an
authoritarian regime is called - -the selectorate
-what geo-strategic competition between countries representing capitalism
and communism, which lasted from the 1950s until 1991, influenced the
democratization of countries across the world? - -the Cold War
-what theory of ethnic politics assumes that ethnicity identity of a group is a
given from time immemorial and relatively unchanging? - -primordialism
-which social theorist's framework explains all ethnic identity and politics as
based on material or class interests? - -Karl Marx
-according to Dan Posner, if two ethnic groups in a country are both small
minorities that could not capture power on their own and had to stave off
dominance by bigger groups, then that would - -decrease conflict between
them
-which social theorist's framework explains that ethnic identity and conflict
thereof is based on a combination of material and status related concerns? -
-Max Weber
, -what theory of ethnic politics claims that ethnic identity is built up over the
years from interactions among people and is constantly evolving? - -
constructivism
-which author claims that ethnic conflict is merely the superficial
explanation for conflicts centered on material or political factors? - -Bruce
Gilley
-according to Dan Posner, if two ethnic groups in a country are large enough
to capture power singly, then that would - -increase conflict between them
-which theory claims that means of equitable economic development and
the formation of a middle class is key to democratization? - -modernization
theory
-which theory claims that increased social trust based on participating in
secondary organizations, like Rotary Clubs and soccer leagues, increase the
chances of democratization and democratic stability? - -civic culture theory
-when a country's military views itself as a guardian of national interests and
views politicians as corrupt and inefficient, it - -decreases democratization
and democratic stability
-what electoral system has a district magnitude of 1 and the single largest
vote getting candidate wins the seat? - -single member district - first past
the post
-which electoral system has a district magnitude of at least 2 seats and the
seats are distributed according to the share of votes candidates and/or
parties receive? - -multi-member district - proportional representation
-which electoral system combines single member district - first past the post
with the multi-member district - proportional representation system, but it
helps increase seats for pasties advantaged by the first system? - -mixed-
member-majoritarian system
-according to Lijphart, which electoral system grants more representation to
many social groups and helps advance political peace? - -single non-
transferable voting system
-which electoral system is judged by some scholars as the "best of both
worlds" and other scholars as the "worst of both worlds"? - -mixed-member-
proportional representation and majoritarian systems
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