HCR210 Arizona State University -HCR 210 Final Exam Review with complete solutions

HCR210 Arizona State University -HCR 210 Final Exam Review with complete solutionsnormative ethical theories - correct answer - authority based - egoistic - virtue - deontological - teleological Authority based - correct answer Concepts of right and wrong are based on authority figures Ethical Egoism - correct answer Based on the idea that people make decisions to act in their own self-interests virtue ethics - correct answer Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia - being virtuous and living a happy and fulfilled life by building your character. People who have achieved eudaimonia will be able to distinguish between right and wrong natural law - correct answer All humans know the "basic goods" and can use their reasoning to know the rules of the natural law and what is good vs bad Deontology - correct answer •Duty-based ethics (deon-"duty" in Greek) •Actions are judged by intentions and not outcomes Deontological theories: - Kantianism - John Rawls - Thomas Nozick Deontology/Kantianism - correct answer - Categorical Imperatives: moral obligations for one to act in a way in that one believes things ought to be - Autonomy: people can never be used as a means to an end Deontology/ John Rawls - correct answer - Believed in "justice as fairness" and that society has to have the infrastructure and a system of rights to protect the minority - How do you decide "what is fair"? Thought experiment called the Original Position and the Veil of Ignorance deontology/ Thomas Nozick - correct answer - Drew heavily on Kant's idea of Autonomy: people should never be used as a means to an end - Immoral to ask someone to make a sacrifice for a social good - Emphasis on free market and meritocracy Teleological (consequentialism or Utilitarianism) - correct answer • These theories believe that intent does not matter, only the consequences of the action • Greatest good for the greatest number of people • Opposite from deontology principals of bioethics - correct answer - nonmaleficence - beneficence - autonomy - justice Nonmaleficence - correct answer duty to do no harm Beneficence - correct answer Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action autonomy - correct answer right to chose what they want