100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions$10.49
Add to cart
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
7 views 0 purchase
Course
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist,
Institution
Local Anesthesia For The Dental Hygienist,
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapte...
Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03:
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of
Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetics EXCEPT one. Which
one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Reversible
B. Rapid onset
C. Stability in solution
D. Potent
E. Slow biotransformation - Correct Answer-E.
:Rationale: Desirable properties of local anesthetics include: potent local anesthesia,
reversible local anesthesia, absence of local reactions, absence of systemic reactions,
absence of allergic reactions, rapid onset, satisfactory duration, adequate tissue
penetration, low cost, stability in solution (long shelf life)
Topical anesthetics are available in both esters and amides.
A. True
B. False - Correct Answer-A.
:Rationale: Topical esters include benzocaine and tetracaine. Lidocaine is the only
topical amide.
Local anesthetic overdose has an effect on which system?
A. Central nervous system
B. Skeletal system
C. Lymphatic system
D. Respiratory system - Correct Answer-A.
:Rationale: Once absorbed into the system and before biotransformation, local
anesthetics will affect the central nervous system (CNS) and the cardiovascular system
(CVS).
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03:
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of
Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
Most amide local anesthetics are biotransformed in the:
A. Plasma
B. Lungs
C. Kidneys
D. Liver - Correct Answer-D.
:Rationale: Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine are metabolised solely in the liver,
prilocaine is metabolized mostly in the liver, and some in the lungs, articaine is
metabolized predominately in the blood
Which of the following is responsible for allergic reactions in ester anesthetics?
A. The parent compound
B. Para-amino benzoic acid
C. Pseudocholinesterase
D. Sodium bisulfite - Correct Answer-B.
:Rationale: The metabolite para-amino benzoic acid is responsible for the allergic
reactions with ester anesthetics, not the parent compound.
.
What is tachyphylaxis?
A. A term used to describe the inability of the anesthetic to reach the nerve membrane
because of anatomic barriers
B. Reinjection of anesthetic before the mantle fibers have fully recovered
C. Increased tolerance to a drug that is administered repeatedly
D. A term used to describe only partial anesthesia - Correct Answer-C.
:Rationale: If the dental procedure lasts longer than the duration of the anesthetic and
the mantle and core fibers have fully recovered, the reinjection of local anesthetic will be
ineffective. A term used to describe this phenomenon is tachyphylaxis.
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03:
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of
Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
When the local anesthetic is administered, the solution reaches the core bundles first.
A. True
B. False - Correct Answer-B.
:Rationale: The local anesthetic when administered diffuses through the nerve to the
mantle bundles (outer core) first providing concentrated anesthetic to the molar region,
and then diffusing to the core bundles (inner core) providing a more diluted anesthetic
solution.
The mantle bundles of the inferior alveolar nerve innervate which teeth?
A. The molar area
B. The anterior teeth
C. The lingual tissue
D. The buccal tissue of the three molar teeth - Correct Answer-A.
:Rationale: The mantle bundles of the inferior alveolar nerve innervate the molar area,
and the core bundles innervate anterior teeth at the end of the nerve fiber.
Which of the following local anesthetics is the most lipid-soluble?
A. Mepivacaine
B. Lidocaine
C. Bupivacaine
D. Prilocaine - Correct Answer-C.
:Rationale: Bupivacaine is the most lipid-soluble compared to all other local anesthetics,
and it is therefore more potent because more of the anesthetic dose can enter the
neurons.
Which of the following anesthetics will provide the most rapid onset based on its pKa?
A. Mepivacaine
B. Lidocaine
C. Bupivacaine
, Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist, 2nd Edition Chapter 03:
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic A Chapter 04: Pharmacology of
Vasoconstrictors Answers to End-of-chapter Review Questions
D. Benzocaine - Correct Answer-D.
:Rationale: Benzocaine has the lowest pKa of all anesthetics at 3.5 and therefore has
the most rapid onse of action.
During manufacturing, local anesthetics are formulated as which of the following to
render them water-soluble?
A. Muriatic acid
B. Sodium bisulfite
C. Hydrochloride salt
D. Sodium bicarbonate - Correct Answer-C
:Rationale: Synthetic local anesthetics are prepared as weak bases and during
manufacturing precipitate as powdered unstable solids that are poorly soluble in water.
They are combined with an acid to form a salt (hydrochloride salt) to render them water-
soluble.
Ester type local anesthetics are no longer manufactured in injectable form for dentistry
because:
A. Of their difficulty penetrating the nerve
B. Of their high degree of hypersensitivity
C. They increase the potential for systemic overdose
D. They have significant vasodilatory properties - Correct Answer-B.
:Rationale: Esters are metabolized to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and is the major
metabolic by-product responsible for allergic reactions.
The quaternary form of the local anesthetic molecule:
A. Is the ionized form in the cartridge and is responsible for binding to the receptor site
B. Is the unionized form in the cartridge and is responsible for binding to the receptor
site
C. Is the ionized form of the molecule that penetrates the nerve membrane
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Jaydenval. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
