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BKAT Critical Care Review Questions and Answers 2024
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BKAT Critical Care Review
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BKAT Critical Care ReviewNormal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - answer 2-8 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - answer 6-12 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - answer 20-30 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - answer 5-15 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - answer 11-20 mmHg
Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - answer 800-1200 mmHg
Preload - answer volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What is preload affected by? - answer venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total
volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? - answer Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload - answer Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? - answer Vasoconstricters and vasodilators
Contractility - answer the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move
the preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - answer 5-10 min
What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - answer Left ventricle
What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - answer Right ventricle
What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - answer Increased left ventricular
end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure
What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - answer Fluid overload or decreased
compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
, Difference between stable and unstable angina - answer Stable angina: pain
happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts
longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? - answer ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia - answer Peaked T waves
What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - answer Trauma, acute MI,
CABG, and pericarditis
What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - answer to increase cardiac
output
What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,
afterload, and contractility? - answer They both increase cardiac output, heart rate,
and contractility
Special precautions of Nipride - answer It can cause severe hypotension and
cyanide toxicity
Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis - answer
right upper sternal border
What is the most important thing to watch for when administering tPa? - answer
mental status changes
Anti-clotting medications - answer Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta),
warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Heart rate controlling medications - answer Beta blockers (-lol), calcium channel
blockers (-ipine), Digoxin
Heart rhythm controlling medications - answer Na+ channel blockers (lidocaine) and
K+ channel blockers (amiodarone)
R on T phenomenon - answer When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus occurring
on top of the T wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmia
Normal PR interval - answer 0.12-0.20 seconds
What can a long PR interval (>0.20 seconds) indicate? - answer 1st degree heart
block, hypokalemia, acute rheumatic fever, or carditis associated with Lyme disease
Normal QRS complex - answer 0.12 seconds or less
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