ESS 101 Final UW Questions And Answers.

If a xenolith included within an igneous pluton has a numerical age of 55 million years (Ma) old, what can you infer about the age of the pluton? - Answer-the pluton formed after 55 Ma ago Radiocarbon is first produced in the ______ when neutrons strike ______ atoms. - Answer-atmosphere; nitrogen-14 A minimum of ______ seismic stations is necessary to determine the focus of an earthquake. - Answer-3 Which seismic wave will be the last to reach a seismic station following an earthquake? - Answer-P,S, surface In order to relieve stress buildup that would cause a magnitude 5 earthquake, approximately how many magnitude 4 earthquakes would have to occur? - Answer-30 Limestone generally precipitates in deep ocean water because ______? - Answer-none of the above answers are correct as limestone typically precipitates in shallow water A volcanic neck is formed ______ and the surrounding rock erodes away. - Answer-when a magma body solidifies within the vent of a volcano and the surrounding material is eroded Symmetric anticline folds result from _____. - Answer-bi-directional stresses What conditions are necessary to form oolithic limestone? - Answer-all of the above answers are correct; - warm water conditions - active waves and currents - shallow water - lots of marine plant life Pillow basalts form when basalt is _____. - Answer-erupted into waterStrato volcanoes consist of ______? - Answer-interlayered pyroclastic and lava flows Which of the following statements about joints are not important to promote weathering in rock? - Answer-joints increase tension in the rock causing weathering reaction rates to increase Monuments and hoodoos form ______. - Answer-a resistant cap rock that protects the underlying weaker rock from weathering and erosion Frost wedging occurs in rock because: - Answer-water expands when it freezes to form ice The ripples shown below are ______ and are formed from _____. - Answer-asymmetric; wind or water currents Besides oxidation reactions which of the following are examples of chemical weathering? - Answer-only answers a and c are correct; - dissolution of limestone - hydrolysis reactions of kaolinite As solids age, the soil profile becomes ______. - Answer-all of the answers are correct; - thicker - redder - more clay rich Meandering streams deposit sediment towards the ______ of the meander where the stream velocity is ______ - Answer-inside; lower Soil profiles can form ______. - Answer-only answers a and b are correct; - in residual bedrock - in unconsolidated sedimentThe strike-slip fault shown below is ______. - Answer-right lateral How might you recognize that a disconformity exists within layered sedimentary of rock? - Answeranswers a and d are both correct; - you might observe a buried soil or weathering zone between the two units - you might observe fossils assemblages that have large age differences between the two rock units Pyroclastic cones may collapse to form ______. - Answer-maars Why do soils that form beneath conifer forests (i.e pine or spruce tress) tend to have lower nutrient availability compared to soils that form beneath deciduous forests? - Answer-conifer forest soils tend to have higher acidity and soluble cations can be removed from the soil profile Chalk deposits, such as those exposed on the coastline near Dover, England ______. - Answer-are comprised of microscopic calcareous marine organisms Where would you expect fossils to be most likely preserved? - Answer-fine-grained shale deposits High temperature is conducive to ______ deformation in rock. - Answer-ductile