VABC SECTION 4 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS, 100% VERIFIED/
Systemic circulation venous - -Transports deoxygenated blood from tissue back to right side of
heart
Thinner wall 10% of diameter
Collapsible and distend able
Superficial and deep
Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood
D...
1 VABC SECTION 4 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS, 100% VERIFIED/ Systemic circulation venous - ✅✅ -Transports deoxygenated blood from tissue back to right side of heart Thinner wall 10% of diameter Collapsible and distend able Superficial and deep Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood Dark non pulsatilla blood Flow rates relatively slow co mpared to arterial Systemic circulation venous - ✅✅ -Transports deoxygenated blood from tissue back to right side of heart Thinner wall 10% of diameter Collapsible and distendable Superficial and deep Contains valves to prevent back flow of blood Dark non pulsatile blood Flow rates relatively slow compared to arterial Pulmonary veins - ✅✅ -transport oxygenated blood to left side of the heart Pulmonary artery - ✅✅ -transport unoxygenated blood to pulmonary capillary bed for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange Tunica Adventia venous - ✅✅ -Outermost layer Connective tissue supportive layer Tunica advenia arterial - ✅✅ -Outermost layer Thicker layer of connective tissue compared with veins, to transport greater pressure from the force of blood flow Tunica media venous - ✅✅ -Middle layer Composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissues Collapsible/distensible Contains nerve fibers for vaconstriction and vasodilation Change in temp or mechanical or chemical irritation may produce spasms Tunica media arterial - ✅✅ -Midd le layer Composed of more layers of smooth muscle and elastic tissues and more rigid when compared to veins Tend not to collapse Regulates blood flow Vasoconstricts with pain and anxiety ,change in temp or by mechanical or chemical irritation may produce s pasms Tunica intima venous (Endothelium) - ✅✅ -Innermost layer Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels, including veins, arteries, heart and valves and capillaries Non thrombogenic Damage exposes underlying collagen layer an d initiates activation of platelets to create a platelet plug and activates clotting cascade to deposit fibrin in the platelet plug Thrombus formation of larger deeper veins can lead to venous thrombosis Tunica intima arterial (Endothelium) - ✅✅ -Innermost layer Single layer of smooth flat endothelial cells lining all blood vessels Non thrombogenic Damage to this layer can cause thrombus formation Loosening of a large thrombus can cause significant embroil events such as stroke (brain) pulmonary embolus (lung) or other end organ or the the periphery (leg) Venous valves - ✅✅ -Found in the larger veins of the extremities Composed of endothelial leaflets Function is to keep blood flowing toward of the heart Occur at points of branching and often cause noticeable bulge in veins Valves arterial - ✅✅ -NA Digital veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - ✅✅ -AR: Along lateral distal portion of fingers. CC: Fingers may require splinting and increased risk for infiltration. Metacarpal veins: Anatomic route and clinical considerations - ✅✅ -AR: Dorsum of hand, formed by the Union of the digital veins between the knuckles. CC: Easily accessible, lies flat on back of the hand Cephalic vein: Anatomic route - ✅✅-Superficial vein that arises from the radial side of the dorsal side of the wrist (thumb side) and continues to the antecubical fossa. Above the elbow it ascends superficially along the lateral border of the biceps muscle and the pectoral border of the d eltoid muscle and merges into the axillary vein. Occasionally connected with the EJ or subclavian vein by a branch that passes upward in front of the clavicle Cephalic vein: - ✅✅ -Smaller than the basilic vein and often smaller than the brachial vein Often narrows as it descends up the arm Often makes a sharp turn as it enters axillary vein causing diffulty with advancement with piccs Higher risk with mechanical phlebitis with placement of piccs in Cephalic vein Ultrasound can access size of Cephalic vein along the route going up the arm for accuracy with pic placement Basilic vein - ✅✅ -Superficial vein that arises from the ulnar (medial) aspect of the veins that drain the hand and the lower arm. vein continues up the medial side of the arm across the ante cubical fossa,
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