CCHT 2024 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND VERFIFIED ANSWERS EXAM STUDY GUIDE GET
IT RIGHT GRADE A+
What is an infection?
An invasion of body tissue by organisms that are invisible to the eye.
What is urea?
By-product of protein metabolism
What is creatinine?
By-product of muscle metabolism
Uric acid
Naturally in the body, as a result of the metabolism of purine (muscle protein) that
enters the body through dietary intake.
Dialysis surfaces must be disinfected with what solution?
1:100 bleach solution
Large blood spills over 10ml must be disinfected with what solution?
1:10 bleach solution
What is Aseptic technique?
Practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions. Minimizing
contamination by pathogens.
When sterile meets sterile..
It remains sterile
When sterile meets clean..
It becomes clean
When sterile or clean meet dirty..
It becomes dirty
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment. Full face shield or mask, eyewear with full side shield,
and fluid-resistant gowns and gloves.
3 blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV
What is an exposure incident?
A bloody/body fluid splash/spray occurring to the eyes nose or mouth, or non-intact
skin.
What steps should you take if you have been exposed to the fluids?
Wash/rinse immediately. Report to CM. Seek medical treatment.
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver due to various causes
How can the viral form of hepatitis be spread?
Hep A- via contaminated food and the oral-fecal route
Hep B & C- via exposure to blood/body fluids
Why are patients with Hep B dialyzed in isolation room?
, Extremely contagious, lives outside the body for extended periods. (up to 7 days)
Why do we dialyze Hep C patients in the clinical area?
Not as contagious as Hep B. HCV is not known to survive very long outside the body
What blood test indicates infection with Hep B?
HbsAg test for Hep B antigen, indicates actual viral presence.
What blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B?
HbsAb test for antibodies, indicates immunity against Hep B
Which vaccine provides long-term immunity to Hep B?
Series of multiple injections of either Recombivax or Engerix
Positive Tuberculin skin test, or exposure to TB
Patients with active TB are contagious.
How is Tuberculosis spread?
Droplet of nuclei produced from infected individuals when they cough, sneeze, speak, or
sing
How do you prevent TB in a dialysis clinic?
Patients who have active TB cannot dialyze in a hemodialysis clinic. 3 consecutive (-)
sputum cultures before returning to the clinic
What is VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)?
Gram negative, round-shaped bacteria that commonly live in the intestinal tract. Can
cause infection anywhere in the body, an resistant to several antibiotics.
What is MRSA (Methicillian-resistant Staphlyococcus Aureus)
"Staph". Normally found on the skin or in the nose. Harmless until they enter the body
through a cut or other wound
What precautions should you take when caring for MRSA/VRE?
PPE, hand sanitation before next task, dedicated gown should be worn. CVC dressings
should be disposed of in red BIO. DO NOT need isolation. Hands should be washed for
40-60 seconds.
What is C-Diff?
Clostridium difficile, hand washing is required.
Why is hand hygiene important?
Single most important infection control measure to prevent the spread of infection.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, and 1 urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
Removal of waste products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base,
and electrolytes.
What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys?
Production of renin to help regulate/control BP, production of erythropoietin (stimulates
RBC production), and regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through the activation
of Vit D.
What is the nephron?
Functional unit of the kidney. Tubular structure, filters blood to form urine.
What is the glomerulus?
Network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. Filters water and
solutes into Bowman's capsule.
What are the hormones secreted by the kidney?
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