BIO 150 Final Exam – Ecology Questions & Answers

Convergent vs Divergent Evolution - ANSWER -Divergent: one broad class but because of different features they diverge -Convergent: similar features between 2 different classes Punctuated Equilibrium vs Gradualism - ANSWER -Punctuated: concrete & defined phenotypes -Gradualism: phenotypes gradually evolve Speciation - ANSWER Formation of new species 1) Allopatric: separated by geographical barrier (mountain, ocean, river) -Barrier divides species 1 and species 2 2) Parapatric: Occurs when populations are separated not by a geo. barrier, but by an extreme change in habitat. Populations in these areas may interbreed, they often develop distinct characteristics/lifestyles -Hybrid zone: may overbreed 3) Sympatric: evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same location. Steno's Laws - ANSWER Law of Horizontality: In a sequence of sedentary rocks, the layers of rock were originally formed lying horizontally. (May be disturbed after forming) Law of Superposition: In a sequence of sedentary rocks, the oldest are the lowest, and the youngest are the highest - unless something has disturbed the rocks after they are formed. Law of Lateral Continuity: If there is a break between the layers, then on each side of the break or gap the ages of the layers should still match up. What are all rocks formed from? - ANSWER Megma -All rocks begin as igneous rocks before they become sedimentary, metamorphic, etc. Index Fossils - ANSWER Used for relative age dating -Criteria: