DH OSCE Review Questions With Correct Solutions!!

What are the 6 modes of disease transmission? - ANSWERDirect: Contact from patient's mouth to non intact skin. Indirect: Contact with contaminated items. Aerosols: High speed/Ultrasonic Droplet: From spatter that contacts non intact skin. Airborne: Inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Waterborn: Infection from waterlines. Maria is air polishing her patient's teeth. The office is warm and the air conditioning is not working, so Maria opts to not wear her face shield or face mask. Two weeks later, vesicles break out all over her skin, which are diagnosed as chickenpox. What is the mode of disease transmission? - ANSWERDroplet infection Hepatitis A: Mode of transmission - ANSWERFecal/Oral Hepatitis B: Mode of transmission - ANSWERBlood, saliva, all bodily fluids Hepatitis C: Mode of transmission - ANSWERBlood, saliva, all bodily fluids Hepatitis D: Mode of transmission - ANSWERBlood, saliva, all bodily fluids NEEDS B TO HAVE D "can't have the D w/o boobs" Hepatitis E: Mode of transmission - ANSWERFecal/Oral Hepatitis: Risk of transmission is dependent on: - ANSWERVirulency Quantity (level of exposure) Host immune response. What treatment considerations do you take into consideration when you have a patient who has a history of hep? - ANSWERMD if not clear of status and to determine liver dysfunction if liver affected, minimize drugs metabolized in liver, monitor prothrombin time (INR), platelet count, use standard precautions Post-exposure protocol (if we get exposed): - ANSWERStop treatment, remove gloves, wash wound w soap and water, gloves on, complete procedure to ensure patient comfort and safety, review patient med history, ask patient to get tested to determine infectious status, if you don't know source, get baseline test HIV: Pre-appointment considerations - ANSWERCD4 count to know immune response- below 200 cells/mm- do not treat HIV: What are possible intra/extra oral findings? - ANSWEREO: lymphadenopathy or skin lesions (herpetic or Kaposi's sarcoma) IO: fungal infections (candidiasis), hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, viral lesions (HPV or CMV) Medical history: Examples of "yes" or positive answers on a medical history that may require pre-appointment considerations: - ANSWERPhysical condition (defective heart valve or congenital heart condition) Systemic disease (diabetes, leukemia or immunodeficienes) Drug therapy (steroid, chemotherapeutics, or blood thinners) Prosthesis or TJR Aerosols - ANSWERParticle occurs in solid or liquid form (invisible) and remains suspended in air. Spatter - ANSWERHeavier larger particles that remain airborne for short time and are visible. Tuberculosis: Organism & Route of Transmission - ANSWEROrganism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhalation of fresh droplets containing tubercle bacilli by individual coughing, breathing, sneezing. Your patient marks "yes" for history of TB. What do you do? - ANSWERClinically active: do not treat until MD clearance Past history: MD consult to determine current status Tests: CXR and tuberculin test (Mantoux) Drugs used: Isoniazid, Pyramzinamide, or Rifampin daily for 6 months Low level disinfectant - ANSWERInactivates vegetative bacteria/certain lipid-type viruses (not spores, tubercle bacilli, or nonlipid viruses) Intermediat