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(jlk;u foKku fd dqN eqy vo/kkj.kk)
jlk;u foKku, v.kqvks vkSj muds :ikUrj.k dk foKku gaSA
;g u dsoy ,d lkS rRoks dk foKku gSaA vfirq muls fufeZr
gksus okys vla[; izdkj ds v.kqvks dk Hkh foKku gaSA
1 nzO; dh izd`fr
dksb
s Z Hkh oLrq ] ftldk nzO;eku ;k vk;ru gksrk gSa vkSj
tks LFkku ?ksjrh gS nzO; dgykrh gSaA
mnk- iqLrd ] dye ] ok;q vkfn
1-1 nzO; dh voLFkk,Wa
nzO; dh rhu HkkSfrd voLFkk,W laFko gSa μ Bksl ] nzo ] xSl
1-2 nzO; dk ofxZdj.k
ks dks nks Hkkxks esa ckWVk x;k gSa
o ”q+) inkFkZ
o feJ.k inkFkZ
1- ”q)
+ inkFkZ &
os inkFkZ ftuesa lHkh vO;;h d.k jklk;fud :i
ls leku gksrs gSa vFkkZr vU; izdkj ds d.kks dh v”q)h ugh ikbZ
tkrh gSa ”q) inkFkZ dgykrs gSaA
mnk- H , N , O , f , Ne vkfn
”q+) inkFkksZ dks nks izdkj ds Hkkxks esa ckWVk x;k gSaA
1- rRo
2- ;kSfxd
, 1- rRo &
os inkFkZ ftuesa ,d gh izdkj ds d.k ( ijek.kq / v.kq )
ik;s tkrs gSa rRo dgykrs gSaA
mnk- H2 , O2 , N2 vkfn
2- ;kSfxd &
os inkFkZ tks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd rRoks ds ijek.kqvks
ds fuf’pr vuqikr esa la;ksx ls cursa gSa ;kSfxd dgykrs gSaA
mnk- H2O , NH3 , Hcl , Nacl vkfnA
2- feJ.k &
tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd inkFkZ d s d.k fdlh Hkh
vuqikr esa ehys gq, gks feJ.k dgykrk gSaA
feJ.k nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
o lekaxh feJ.k
o foÔekaxh feJ.k
1- lekaxh feJ.k &
os feJ.k ftues vO;; ds d.k ;k ?kVd ijLij
rFkk iw.kZr;k fefJr jgrs gSa rFkk bUgs i`Fd & i`Fd ugha ns[kk tk
ldrk gSaS lekaxh feJ.k dgykrk gSaA
,sls feJ.kks dk jklk;fud lxaBu lHkh LFkkuks ij leku
jgrk gSaA
mnk- ued dk tyh; foy;u ]’kdZjk dk tyh; foy;u
2-foÔekaxh feJ.k &
os feJ.k ftues vO;; ds d.k ;k ?kVd
ijLij rFkk iw.kZr;k fefJr ugh jgrs gSa rFkk bUgs i`Fd & i`Fd
ns[kk tk ldrk gSaS foÔekaxh feJ.k dgykrk gSaA
mnk- jsr o ty dk foy;u vkfnA
1-3 nzO; ds xq.k/keZ
nzO; ds nks xq.k/keZ gksrs gSaA
1- HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ
2- jklk;fud xq.k/keZ
1- HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ &
, inkFkZ ds os xq.k/keZ ftudks inkFkZ dh igpku
;k lxaBu dks fcuk cnys ekik ;k ns[kk tk ldrk gSa HkkSfrd
xq.k/keZ dgykrs gSaA
mnk- HkkSfrd voLFkk & rki ] nkc ]jax xyukax ]DoFukad ]
?kuRo vkfn
2- jklk;fud xq.k/keZ &
inkFkZ ds os xq.k/keZ ftudks inkFkZ dh igpku
;k lxaBu dks fcuk cnys ekik ;k ns[kk ugh tk ldrk gSa
jklk;fud xq.k/keZ dgykrs gSaA
bu xq.k/keksZ dks ekius o ns[kus ds fy, jklk;fud ifjorZu
gksuk vko’;d gSaA
mnk- vEyrk ] {kkjdrk vkfn
vk/kkj HkkSfrd jkf’k;kaWa o muds ek=d &
1- S.I. i)fr &
lu 1960 esa Hkkj eki ds 11osa loZlEesayu esa ek=dks dh
vUrjk"Vh; i)fr dks Lod`fr fn xbZ ftls la{ksi esa S.I. i)fr
dgrs gSa A
bls Qzkalhlh esa Le system International d’units dgrs gSa A
S.I. )fr esa lkr vk/kkjHkwr HkkSfrd jkf’k;kaWa fu/kkZfjr fd xbZ
gSaA tks jkf’k;kW o ek=d fuEu izdkj gSaA
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