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Summary Lectures - BBS2041 Human Intermediary Metabolism

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In this document the lectures of BBS2041 are summarized. The lecture about Macronutrients is handwritten, but it's still well readable. Also, my tutor often literally showed us what was written in his tutor instructions. So, you can be sure that the information is relevant! Good luck with st...

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  • April 25, 2019
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  • 2018/2019
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By: Issac • 4 year ago

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BBS2041 Lectures Iris Donker



Lecture – Exercise physiology and
substrate metabolism
Basics on exercise physiology and substrate metabolism
Exercise physiology – the biological processes and adaptive response to exercise (both acute and
long-term adaptation).


Skeletal muscle


Why is skeletal muscle tissue so important?
• Main factor in mobility / physical performance
• 50% of body weight
• Major metabolic organ
• Major factor in health
• Highly adaptive tissue

Muscle fibers

One muscle fiber is the same thing as a muscle cell. A
muscle cell is a multinucleated cell.

2 types:
• Type I: endurance
• Type II: strength → 2 types: Type IIA and type IIB (also called type IIX)

Humans always have mixed muscle fiber types within all muscles. It’s somewhere around 50/50, but
you can change this a little bit with training.




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,BBS2041 Lectures Iris Donker


The effect on exercise intensity on the percentage of active muscle fiber type

During endurance training: At first type I fibers
will be recruited. At about 40-50% of VO2max the
type IIa fibers will also come into play. Only at the
very end, when the intensity comes close to the
maximum, that’s when type IIx fibers are used.

During resistance training: The scale is different.
At about 20% of VO2max you already start
recruiting type IIa fibers. And around 40-50% you
already start recruiting type IIX fibers.




Type of activity vs energy systems


Different energy transfer systems:

• First few seconds → Free ATP & Phosphocreatine (PCr)
o really high intensity, really short duration:
• 1 to 1.5 minutes → Glycolysis
o For which you need carbohydrates
• After 1.5 minutes → everything is oxidative metabolism
o For which you need carbohydrates and fat

Free ATP and PCr




Glycolysis

During glycolysis carbohydrates are converted into pyruvates. In this process only 2 ATP are
generated. Afterwards these pyruvates can be converted into acetyl-CoA.

Oxidative metabolism

Fat is broken down and the fatty acids go into beta-oxidation where also acetyl-CoA is the end
product. The acetyl-CoAs of both pathways (glycolysis and beta-oxidation) can then be used in
oxidative metabolism

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, BBS2041 Lectures Iris Donker




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