ANSC 322 Final Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Dominance deviation: Correct Answer-d = heterozygous - midpoint
Additive effect: Correct Answer-a = midpont - homozygous recessive
a = homozygous dominant - midpoint
Midpoint: Correct Answer-(Homozygous dominant + Homozygous
recessive) / 2
Mutations: Correct Answer--Single point: SNP (single nucleotide
polymorphism)
•ex: A -->T or G-->C
-Indels: gain or loss of nucleotides
-Nonsynonymous: changes the amino acid sequence
•Missense - amino acid(s) changed
•Nonsense - premature "STOP" codon --> truncated protein
-Synonymous: alters the DNA code, but not the amino acid sequence
•"Silent" mutations
•Occurs in protein coding region
,-Regulatory: don't alter protein
•Alter the protein's expression (when the protein is expressed, where the
protein is expressed, how much produced)
Uracil vs. Thymine: Correct Answer--Uracil:
•Found in RNA
•Binds adenine more efficiently
•Less expensive energetically
•Less stable
-Thymine:
•Found in DNA
•More stable
Centra Dogma: Correct Answer--DNA cannot act as direct template for
protein synthesis
-Requires an intermediary molecule: RNA
•mRNA (messenger RNA): contains the code for the sequence of amino
acids
•tRNA (transfer RNA): carries the amino acid to the ribosome
•rRNA (ribosomal RNA): subunit of a ribosome
Autosomes: Correct Answer--Non-sex chromosomes
, -Chromosomes are composed of one giant strand of DNA
Primary Functions of DNA: Correct Answer--Information needed to
build and maintain and organism
-Hereditary - process of passing information from one generation to the
next (most important)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Correct Answer--Prokaryotes: single cell
and no nucleus --> DNA required for hundreds of cell types
-Eukaryotes: multi-cell with DNA in a nucleus --> DNA required for
hundreds of cell types
Nucleotide: Correct Answer--2 types of pentose sugars found in nucleic
acids - ribose in RNA and 2-deoxyribose in DNA
•phosphate group + sugar group + nitrogenous base
Ribose vs. Deoxyribose: Correct Answer--Second carbon has OH
(ribose) vs. H (deoxyribose)
-Deoxyribose enables double helix --> longer strands (more stable),
allow coiling
Nitrogenous bases: Correct Answer--Purine = 2, Pyrimidine = 1 ring
-Thymine is found in DNA, uracil only in RNA
-Sugar attached to 1N (pyrimidine) or 9N (Purine)
Solutions
Dominance deviation: Correct Answer-d = heterozygous - midpoint
Additive effect: Correct Answer-a = midpont - homozygous recessive
a = homozygous dominant - midpoint
Midpoint: Correct Answer-(Homozygous dominant + Homozygous
recessive) / 2
Mutations: Correct Answer--Single point: SNP (single nucleotide
polymorphism)
•ex: A -->T or G-->C
-Indels: gain or loss of nucleotides
-Nonsynonymous: changes the amino acid sequence
•Missense - amino acid(s) changed
•Nonsense - premature "STOP" codon --> truncated protein
-Synonymous: alters the DNA code, but not the amino acid sequence
•"Silent" mutations
•Occurs in protein coding region
,-Regulatory: don't alter protein
•Alter the protein's expression (when the protein is expressed, where the
protein is expressed, how much produced)
Uracil vs. Thymine: Correct Answer--Uracil:
•Found in RNA
•Binds adenine more efficiently
•Less expensive energetically
•Less stable
-Thymine:
•Found in DNA
•More stable
Centra Dogma: Correct Answer--DNA cannot act as direct template for
protein synthesis
-Requires an intermediary molecule: RNA
•mRNA (messenger RNA): contains the code for the sequence of amino
acids
•tRNA (transfer RNA): carries the amino acid to the ribosome
•rRNA (ribosomal RNA): subunit of a ribosome
Autosomes: Correct Answer--Non-sex chromosomes
, -Chromosomes are composed of one giant strand of DNA
Primary Functions of DNA: Correct Answer--Information needed to
build and maintain and organism
-Hereditary - process of passing information from one generation to the
next (most important)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Correct Answer--Prokaryotes: single cell
and no nucleus --> DNA required for hundreds of cell types
-Eukaryotes: multi-cell with DNA in a nucleus --> DNA required for
hundreds of cell types
Nucleotide: Correct Answer--2 types of pentose sugars found in nucleic
acids - ribose in RNA and 2-deoxyribose in DNA
•phosphate group + sugar group + nitrogenous base
Ribose vs. Deoxyribose: Correct Answer--Second carbon has OH
(ribose) vs. H (deoxyribose)
-Deoxyribose enables double helix --> longer strands (more stable),
allow coiling
Nitrogenous bases: Correct Answer--Purine = 2, Pyrimidine = 1 ring
-Thymine is found in DNA, uracil only in RNA
-Sugar attached to 1N (pyrimidine) or 9N (Purine)
