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Exam (elaborations)

BSNS 113- Otago| Latest Version

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BSNS 113- Otago| Latest Version Scarcity - ️️ - Sometime is scarce if there is not enough for everyone if it were free Implies the need for trade offs Unlimited wants - ️️ - People have unlimited wants, but the resources to satisfy those wants is limited. Positive economics - ️️ - ...

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  • May 19, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • BSNS 113
  • BSNS 113
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BSNS 113- Otago| Latest Version


Scarcity - ✔️✔️- Sometime is scarce if there is not enough for everyone if it were free

Implies the need for trade offs

Unlimited wants - ✔️✔️- People have unlimited wants, but the resources to satisfy

those wants is limited.

Positive economics - ✔️✔️- Studying how the economy works

Normative economics - ✔️✔️- figuring out how the economy should be

GDP - ✔️✔️- Gross domestic product

Measures the market value of all final goods and services in a country

What GDP misses - ✔️✔️- Illegal activity

Home made goods

Second hand sales

Production possibilities - ✔️✔️- What a country is capable of producing given their

resources

The amount of good or services a country can produce

Main types of resources - ✔️✔️- Land - Natural resources

Labour - human time and effort

Capital - Preexisting manufactured inputs, human knowledge

Production possibilities frontier - ✔️✔️- The best we can do if we appropriately allocate

resources to those best suited to using them

,Technical efficiency of the PPF - ✔️✔️- All points of the PPF are technically efficient

All resources are allocated to their best use

Points on the PPF - ✔️✔️- Combinations of goods and services with all resources

efficiently employed

Points under the PPF - ✔️✔️- Technically inefficient, we could produce more goods

and services with the same resources

Major issue with motivating employees

Points above the PPF - ✔️✔️- Combinations of goods and services unobtainable with

current resources and technology

Opportunity cost - PPF - ✔️✔️- Making trade offs between goods and services

Opportunity cost - ✔️✔️- The loss of other alternatives when another is chosen

The net value of the next best opportunity forgone

Traditional allocation - ✔️✔️- Do stuff how its always been done

Planned allocation - ✔️✔️- Boos or committee plans production

Market allocation - ✔️✔️- Consumers and market influence economy

Terms of trade - ✔️✔️- Relative price used to trade items

Economies of scale - ✔️✔️- The larger the economy and time active, the lower the

average cost

Short run time frame - ✔️✔️- Sufficiently short time frame, where at least one variable

remains constant

Long run time frame - ✔️✔️- All inputs can be varied

, Very long run time frame - ✔️✔️- So much time that the state of technology changes

The law of diminishing returns - ✔️✔️- Short run time frame - one variable help

constant

Because of this there is a capacity limit and eventually increasing product leads to

decreasing marginal product

Absolute advantage - ✔️✔️- The ability to produce a good using fewer inputs than

another producer

Comparative advantage - ✔️✔️- The ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity

cosy than another producer

Market - ✔️✔️- A group of people

Their interactions determine prices of goods and services

Money - unit of account - ✔️✔️- Money is used as a common denominator, makes it

easy to compare prices

Money - medium of exchange - ✔️✔️- Avoids a 'double coincidence of wants'

So we aren't paid in food

Money - store of value - ✔️✔️- Holds value so you can wait to buy something

Demand - assumptions - ✔️✔️- Assumes consumers want to maximise satisfaction

Are well informed about prices

Are rational

Demand - ✔️✔️- People who are willing to buy a product for a given price

Substitution effect - ✔️✔️- If price increases, demanders will substitute out to a

cheaper alternative

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