Hoofdstuk 1: Organisaties
Een algemene definitie… wat is een organisatie?.....................................................................................................9
Een organisatie… een groep van mensen.................................................................................................................9
Een organisatie … een “gemeenschappelijk” doel..................................................................................................11
Een organisatie … een bewuste structuur of sturing..............................................................................................12
Een organisatie … externe invloeden/ de omgeving...............................................................................................12
De taakomgeving – micro-omgeving..................................................................................................................13
Klanten en gebruikers.....................................................................................................................................13
Toeleveranciers..............................................................................................................................................13
Distributeurs...................................................................................................................................................14
directe en indirecte concurrenten.................................................................................................................14
Externe financiers...........................................................................................................................................15
Onderaannemers en partner-organisaties.....................................................................................................15
De algemene omgeving – macro-omgeving.......................................................................................................16
Politiek-juridische omgeving..........................................................................................................................16
Economische omgeving..................................................................................................................................16
Socioculturele omgeving................................................................................................................................16
Technologische omgeving..............................................................................................................................17
Het karakter van de omgeving............................................................................................................................17
Stabiliteit versus dynamiek............................................................................................................................17
Zekerheid versus onzekerheid........................................................................................................................18
Eenvoudigheid versus complexiteit................................................................................................................18
Types en soorten van organisaties..........................................................................................................................18
1 Algemene definitie… wat is management?..........................................................................................................20
Management… effectiviteit/doelmatigheid en efficiëntie......................................................................................21
Management … functies en rollen..........................................................................................................................21
Management… kennis, kunde en het polyvalente metaprofiel van de managementwetenschappen..................23
Specialistische en generalistische managementdomeinen................................................................................23
Managementthema’s..........................................................................................................................................25
Kennis, vaardigheden en vakgebieden...............................................................................................................25
De praktijkgerichte en wetenschappelijke dimensie van een vakgebied...........................................................25
Basiswetenschappen en metawetenschappen..................................................................................................26
Management… soorten managers..........................................................................................................................26
Actuele onderwerpen en trends binnen management..........................................................................................27
1 Algemene definitie… wat zijn perspectieven?.....................................................................................................29
2
,Het klassiek managementperspectief.....................................................................................................................30
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................30
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................30
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................31
Het human relations of gedragsmatig managementpersp.....................................................................................33
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................33
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................33
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................35
Het managementperspectief van de systeembenadering......................................................................................35
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................35
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................35
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................37
Het managementperspectief van de contingentiebenadering...............................................................................38
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................38
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................38
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................39
Het kwantitatief managementperspectief..............................................................................................................40
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................40
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................40
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................40
De besluitvormingstheorie......................................................................................................................................40
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................40
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................41
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................41
De “stakeholders” benadering................................................................................................................................43
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................43
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................43
Bijzondere aandachtspunten (lopen parallel met die van de besluitsvormingstheorie)...................................44
De institutionele managementbenadering.............................................................................................................45
Een situering in de tijd........................................................................................................................................45
De typische, algemene kenmerken....................................................................................................................45
Bijzondere aandachtspunten..............................................................................................................................45
1 Een algemene definitie… wat is/impliceert « plannen »?....................................................................................47
De planningsactiviteiten, hun kenmerken en de hierbij gehanteerde technieken/instrumenten.........................47
De situatieanalyse...............................................................................................................................................47
Informatie verzamelen...................................................................................................................................48
Informatie interpreteren + problemen en kansen identificeren...................................................................53
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« Perceptievorming » bij situatieanalyses......................................................................................................53
De vooropgezette doelen (het “WAT”-vraagstuk)..............................................................................................56
Doelen identificeren en formuleren...............................................................................................................57
Perceptievorming bij de identificatie en formulering van doelen.................................................................58
De acties waarmee de doelen zullen worden gerealiseerd................................................................................58
Acties identificeren en formuleren................................................................................................................59
Perceptievorming bij de identificatie en formulering van acties … een bijzonder aandachtspunt...............60
De bundeling van de planningsactiviteiten in soorten besluitvormingsprocessen................................................60
Soorten van plannen...............................................................................................................................................62
1 Een algemene definitie… wat is/impliceert “organiseren”?................................................................................63
De voornaamste onderdelen of bouwstenen van de organisatiestructuur...........................................................63
De taakspecialisatie en -differentiatie.....................................................................................................................64
Keuzemogelijkheden...........................................................................................................................................64
De taakverbreding of -verruiming..................................................................................................................64
De taakverrijking.............................................................................................................................................64
De taakroulatie...............................................................................................................................................64
Groeps- of teamwerk......................................................................................................................................65
Projectmanagement.......................................................................................................................................65
Keuzes en overwegingen m.b.t. de taakspecialisatie.........................................................................................65
De efficiëntie...................................................................................................................................................65
De motivatie van de medewerkers en zo de effectiviteit..............................................................................65
De creativiteit en innovatie............................................................................................................................66
De multi-inzetbaarheid van medewerkers.....................................................................................................66
De departementalisatie...........................................................................................................................................66
Keuzemogelijkheden...........................................................................................................................................66
Functionele departementalisatie...................................................................................................................66
Divisionele of marktgerichte departementalisatie........................................................................................67
Multifocus departementalisatie.....................................................................................................................67
Horizontale of procesmatige departementalisatie........................................................................................68
Modulaire departementalisatie.....................................................................................................................68
Keuzes en overwegingen m.b.t. departementalisatie........................................................................................69
De coördinatie en integratie...................................................................................................................................71
Keuzemogelijkheden...........................................................................................................................................71
Wederzijdse aanpassingen of mutual adjustment.........................................................................................71
Regels en procedures.....................................................................................................................................71
Directe supervisie...........................................................................................................................................72
Liaisonrollen: (Departementoverschrijdende functies en/of werkeenheden)..............................................72
Tijdelijke werkeenheden of coördinatieteams (“Task forces”)......................................................................72
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