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Summary/Recap Made in America, Hogeschool Utrecht (in English)
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Recap Made in AmericaSTUDY GUIDE ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
Part I
Revolutionary War / taxation without representation /study
guide
April 1775 – 1783
The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years’ War (1756 –
1763); a war between the British and the French (and
each side Indian allies). France gave up all their
territories in mainland North America.
“No taxation without representation” was the motto of the
colonists in the Thirteen Colonies in the American
Revolutionary War (1775 – 1783). The reason for this war
was that the colonial taxes in America were raised for
their country England, that possessed the Thirteen
Colonies as a colony at the time, and had big war debts.
However, the British Parliament decided that the
colonists had nothing to say about where the money
actually went, even though the idea was that they would
have something to say, in order to be able to say
something about the reign of the country.
These postwar taxes and other measures angered many
colonists since the colonies lacked representation in
Parliament.
At this day, the slogan is still used in Washington D.C, by
citizens who don’t have voting rights in the Congress of
the United States. It is still usually seen on number plates
on cars.
The Declaration of Independence the Constitution resides
in Washington D.C, the National Archives.
The Sugar Act (1764): Parliament lowered duties on
‘molasses’ (suikerstroop) the colonists imported from the
French West Indies, but increased duties on other
imported goods.
The Stamp Act (1765): required colonists to purchase
special stamped paper for newspapers, diplomas, legal
documents and even taxing dice (dobbelstenen) and
playing cards. Even though the Stamp Act raised revenue
, (omzet verhogen) and regulated trade, its main aim was
to increase the taxes.
The Quartering Act (1765): required colonial taxpayers to
house and feed British troops stationed in America.
The colonists (while enjoying military protection and
trading privileges), payed less taxes than the Britons at
home. But without representation, the colonists protested
against any tax that violated their rights.
In Virginia’s House of Burgesses, Patrick Henry
introduced resolutions denouncing the Act (aanklagen). In
Boston, a mob (publiek van protesters) hanged the tax
collector in sculpture and trashed the residence of Chief
Justice Thomas Hutchinson, a Stamp Act defender.
The Stamp Act Congress passed resolutions denying
Parliament’s right to tax the colonies.
In 1766, the Stamp Act was repealed (ingetrokken), but
passed the “Declaratory Act” affirming (bevestigen) its
authority over the colonies.
Revolutionary War / Boston Massacre
On March 1770, British troops guarding the Boston
customs house fired on stone-throwing protesters, killing
five (including Crispus Attucks, an African American
seaman). This was called the Boston Massacre.
Outrage spread, fed by a piece of writing by Boston
silversmith Paul Revere.
Revolutionary War / Boston Tea Party
In 1773, the Boston Tea Act was passed to help the
struggling East India Company dispose of its surplus
(overtolligee) tea, by lowering (but not removing) the
import duty, the act gave the East India Company
monopolistic authority to sell its tea in America through
special agents, undercutting (goedkoper leveren dan)
local merchants (handelaren).
On the night of December 16, 1773, after a loud town
meeting, some fifty men disguised (vermomd) as Indians
boarded a British ship and dumped 342 chests of tea into
the harbor.
The Boston Tea Party was a protest of American colonists
against the British Parliament on December 16, 1773.
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