ATI Pham 4.0 Neurological System Part 1 Drugs Test Questions with Answers
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Course
ATI Neurological System Part I
Institution
ATI Neurological System Part I
Drug therapy for muscle spasms Two types: Central muscle relaxants, and peripherally acting muscle relaxants
Centrally acting muscle relaxants Centrally acting muscle relaxants
Treat painful muscle spasms related to spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, or spasms related to ...
ATI Pham 4.0 Neurological System Part 1 Drugs Test Questions with Answers Drug therapy for muscle spasms ✅Two types: Central muscle relaxants, and peripherally acting muscle relaxants Centrally acting muscle relaxants ✅Centrally acting muscle relaxants Treat painful muscle spasms related to spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, or spasms related to musculoskeletal injury or other acute musculoskeletal disorders Centrally acting muscle relaxants prototypes ✅baclofen, also called lioresal Centrally acting muscle relaxants actions ✅enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA on receptors in the spinal cord, resulting in suppression of hyperactive reflexes Peripherally acting muscle relaxants/ direct -acting skeletal muscles relaxers ✅Relax skeletal muscle spasms that occur as a result of cerebrovascular accident or stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. They also prevent and treat malignant hyperthermia, a dangerous adverse effect of general anesthesia Peripherally acting muscle relaxants/ direct -acting skeletal muscles relaxers prototypes ✅dantrolene also called dantrium Peripherally acting muscle relaxants/ direct -acting skeletal muscles relaxers action ✅act directly on skeletal muscle tissue by inhibiting the release of calcium, which is necessary for normal muscle contraction Drug therapy for seizure Disorders ✅Anti- epileptci drugs (AEDs) Two types of AEDs: traditional AEDs, and newer AEDs Traditional AEDs - Hydantoins ✅These drugs help control tonic -closure seizures (grand mal seizures), which involves the entire entire body. They also help control partial seizures, which affect one part of the brain and subsequently one part of the body Traditional AEDs - Hydantoins prototype ✅phenytoin, also called Dilantin Traditional AEDs - Hydantoins actions ✅hydantoins decrease the neuronal activity of seizure -generating cells in brain by inhibiting an influx of sodium through sodium channels Traditional AEDs - Carbamazepine ✅Treats partial seizures and tonic - clonic seizures is carbamazepine. It can act as a mood stabilizer for patients with bipolar disorder and can reduce the pain of trigeminal neuralgia, which is periodic, one -sided facial pain patients feel as a result of s timulation of the fifth cranial nerve Traditional AEDs - Carbamazepine prototype ✅carbamazepine, also called tegretol Traditional AEDs - Carbamazepine Action ✅they inhibit the influx of sodium through sodium channels, decreasing the discharge of neurons around the areas of increased activity Valproic acid/ valproate (another traditional AED) ✅Treats all types of seizures, it also controls the mania that occurs with bipolar disorder and helps prevent migraine headaches Valproic acid/ valproate (another traditional AED) action ✅Valproic acid works similarly to both phenytoin and carbamazepine by inhibiting the influx of sodium through sodium channels and decreasing the discharge of neurons around areas of increased activity. It also affects the influx of calcium and may enhance t he inhibitory effects of GABA Valproic acid/ valproate (another traditional AED) prototype ✅valproic acid Drug therapy that supports anesthesia ✅Two types of drugs support anesthesia. These include drugs for local anesthesia, such as lidocaine, and drugs for general anesthesia, such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and opioids Local anesthesia ✅Used when only a small area of the body requires anesthetics to the skin to relieve burns or during suturing wounds, to the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth during minor surgical or dental procedures, and to rectal tissue to relieve the pain of hemorr hoids. Block nerve conduction local anesthesia prototype ✅xylocaine ("amide" and "ester" type drugs) local anesthesia action ✅local anesthetics exert their pharmacological action by blocking the influx of sodium through sodium channels. Prevents depolarization, which is necessary for an action potential to be activated General anesthesia/ short -acting Barbiturates ✅Provide rapid induction of anesthesia and hypnosis for brief procedures. General anesthesia also works as an adjunct to other drugs for procedures that require more than 15 min of anesthesia General anesthesia/ short -acting Barbiturates prototype ✅methohexital sodium, also called Brevital
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