ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Lesson 11-Targeted Therapies Questions and Answers

How targeted therapy and chemo differ -targeted therapies act on specific molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells) Goals of targeted therapy -disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy -improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination with conventional therapies -controlling or stabilizing disease -maintaining or enhancing quality of life -decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies Ligand a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a biologic effect Ligand Binding process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway Dimerization two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals Kinase type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive phosphorylation activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling targeted therapies work by doing the following 1. blocking angiogenesis 2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell 3. delivering toxic substances to the cell 4. stimulating the body's immune system BCR/ABL -fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL