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AQA A Level Psychology Memory May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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AQA A Level Psychology Memory May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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AQA A Level Psychology MemoryMay 2024 Exam Questions and
Answers
Study of capacity of STM - Answer>> Miller (Immediate
Digit Span Test)
Jacobs Support
Study of duration of STM - Answer>> Peterson and
Peterson (Trigrams)
24 students given a consonant syllable and a three digit
number ie. THX 512.
They were asked to recall the consonant syllable after a
retention interval of 3, 6 , 9, 12 or 15 seconds. During this
interval they had to count backwards from their three digit
number. Participants were 90% correct after 3 seconds,
20% correct after 9 and only 2% correct after 18 seconds.
Suggesting it is less than 18 seconds.
Study of duration of LTM - Answer>> Bahrick (Free
recall, photo recognition and name recognition tests)
400 people of various ages were tested on their memory
of high school classmates.
They were given a free recall to recall as many class
mates as they could. Then they were given 50 photos,
some with people from their school year book. Bahrick
found that recall after 15 years of graduation was 90%
,accurate from photos, and after 48 years was 70%. With
free recall it was about 60% accurate and 30%.
Showing that it is possibly an unlimited duration for LTM.
Study of encoding - Answer>> Baddeley (Semantically
and Acoustically Similar/Dissimilar words)
Baddeley had lists of acoustically similar words such as:
Cat, cab, can, map, mat, max etc.
And also semantically similar words: Huge, big, large,
titanic, massive etc.
He found that participants had difficulty remembering
acoustically similar words in the STM and in the LTM
struggled with semantically similar words.
He concluded that STM is largely encoded acoustically
whereas LTM is encoded semantically.
Capacity of STM - Answer>> 7+_ 2 units
Capacity of LTM - Answer>> Potentially unlimited
Duration of STM - Answer>> 30 seconds
Duration of LTM - Answer>> potentially unlimited
Encoding in STM - Answer>> Mainly acoustically
Encoding in LTM - Answer>> Mainly semantically
,MSM of memory - Answer>> Sensory Memory->
Attention->STM->(Maintenance rehearsal or) elaborative
rehearsal->LTM->(Retrieval, Interference, Decay Retrieval
failure, displacement for STM)
What does the MSM model suggest - Answer>> It
attempts to explain how memory works
Memory Consists of multiple stores
There is a sequence between these stores
Evidence to support the MSM - Answer>> Glanzer and
Cunnitz (primacy and recency effect)
HM (LTM gone)
Beardsley (Prefrontal cortex for STM and Hippocampus
for Ltm)
(Bahrick Peterson and Peterson, miller, baddeley)
Evaluate the MSM - Answer>> Too simple (but easier to
understand)
Supporting Evidence
What does the WMM suggest - Answer>> STM is made
up of multiple stores and the MSM is too simple
What does the Central Executive do - Answer>> directs
attention to particular tasks and controls the 2 slave
systems (phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad)
, What does the phonological loop do - Answer>>
processes and retains the order of heard information
can be divided into 2 substores
What can the phonological loop be divided into -
Answer>> phonological store (stores heard information,
inner ear)
articulatory process (subvocal repetition, inner voice)
What does the visuo-spatial sketchpad do - Answer>>
plans spatial tasks and stores visual or spatial information
What can the visuo-spatial sketchpad be divided into -
Answer>> Visual cache (visual information)
Inner scribe (processes spatial relations)
What does the episodic buffer do - Answer>> integrates
information from all other STM stores
What study provides evidence for the WMM - Answer>>
Hitch and Baddeley ( dual tasks "B is followed by A")
KF (Verbal bad Visual Fine)
Evaluate the WMM - Answer>> Lack of evidence for the
CE
Supporting evidence for separate stores of STM (Hitch
and Baddeley)
Lieberman stated that the visuo-spatial should be divided
into two separate components: one for visual and one for
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