Exam (elaborations)
Introduction to counselling
- Course
- Institution
Introduction to counselling
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Introductionto
counselling
Empathy
-
ANSability
to
enter
the
client's
phenomenal
world,
to
experience
it
as
if
it
were
your
own
without
losing
the
"as
if"
quality
Primary
empathy
-
ANSability
to
respond
in
such
a
way
that
it
is
apparent
to
both
client
and
counselor
that
the
counselor
has
understood
the
client's
major
themes.
Culturally
sensitive
empathy
-
ANSability
to
perceive
the
cultural
frame
of
reference
from
which
the
client
operates.
Advanced
empathy
-
ANSa
process
of
helping
a
client
explore
themes,
issues,
and
emotions
new
to
his
or
her
awareness.
Client-initiated
interviews
-
ANSthose
that
are
proposed
by
the
client
and
that
may
come
without
any
knowledge
from
the
client,
often
a
questionnaire
Counsellor
-
initiated
interviews
-
ANScounsellor
should
immediately
state
why
he/she
wants
to
see
the
client,
it
eliminates
tension.
7
criteria
for
evaluating
effective
goals
-
ANSgoals
are
mutual,
specific,
relevant,
success
oriented,
measurable,
observable,
and
can
be
restated
clearly.
S.O.L.E.R.
-
ANS5
non
verbal
skills
initiated
in
attending
as
a
counsellor
that
include,
square
facing
client,
open
posture,
leaning
toward
the
client,
eye
contact,
and
relaxed.
2
types
of
personality
tests
-
ANSobjective
and
projective
Johari
Window
-
ANSa
model
of
mutual
understanding
that
encourages
disclosure
and
feedback
to
increase
our
own
open
area
and
reduce
the
blind,
hidden,
and
unknown
areas
Most
helpful
counsellor
skill
-
ANSgeneral
leads
that
direct
more
in
depth
conversation
a
topic
and
branch
on
to
new
ones
that
may
be
discovered.
Least
helpful
counsellor
skill
-
ANSclarification
which
is
similar
to
approval
or
affirmation
which
can
be
done
all
in
one
step.
5
important
elements
of
a
counselling
contract
-
ANSasking
the
purpose
of
the
meeting,
avoiding
use
of
"try
or
maybe"
or
"should"
or
"must",
define
client
wish
to
achieve,
focus
on
change.
Rehearsal
-
ANShaving
the
client
rehearse
or
practise
the
behaviour
laid
out
in
the
contract. Countertransference
-
ANSCircumstances
in
which
a
psychoanalyst
develops
personal
feelings
about
a
client
because
of
perceived
similarity
of
the
client
to
significant
people
in
the
therapist's
life.
3
Functions
of
Termination
in
a
Counselling
Relationship
-
ANSsignals
counselling
is
finished,
maintains
changes
already
achieved
and
generalized
problem
solving
skills
acquired
in
counselling,
and
serves
as
a
reminder
that
the
client
has
matured.
2
Factors
for
terminating
a
counselling
session
-
ANSsession
is
ending,
no
introduction
of
new
material.
5
Strategies
for
Terminating
a
counselling
session
-
ANStime
is
up,
set
timer
for
last
ten
minutes,
summarize
current
session,
set
up
next
session,
nonverbal
gestures.
4
considerations
for
a
planned
termination
of
counselling
relationship
-
ANScan
client
play
and
enjoy
life,
can
they
cope
and
understand
self/others,
can
they
relate
to
others
and
be
loved/love
others,
has
stress
been
eliminated
5
D's
to
avoid
resistant
termination
of
counselling
-
ANSmake
it
gradual,
other
life
activities
significant,
significance
to
others,
delight
in
gained
knowledge
and
what
lies
ahead,
areas
of
continuity
in
life.
Theory
-
ANSin
counselling
it
is
used
as
a
guide
to
hypothesize
about
the
formation
of
possible
solutions
to
a
problem.
5
requirements
of
a
theory
-
ANSclear
and
coherent,
comprehensive,
explicit
and
heuristic,
relating
means
to
desired
outcomes,
and
is
useful
to
its
practitioners.
Defence
mechanisms
-
psychoanalysis
(7)
-
ANSdepression,
denial,
regression,
projection,
rationalization,
reaction
formation,
displacement.
General
techniques
in
behavioural
therapy
-
ANSuse
of
reinforcers,
schedules
of
reinforcement,
shaping,
generalization,
maintenance,
extinction,
punishment.
Specific
techniques
in
behavioural
therapy
-
ANSrehearsal,
environmental
planning,
systematic
desensitization,
assertiveness
training,
contingency
contracts,
implosion
and
flooding,
time-out,
overcorrection,
covert
sensitization.
Reality
therapy
-
ANStreatment
that
emphasizes
personal
responsibility
for
actions
and
their
consequences
Cognitive
therapy
-
ANStherapy
that
teaches
people
new,
more
adaptive
ways
of
thinking
and
acting;
based
on
the
assumption
that
thoughts
intervene
between
events
and
our
emotional
reactions
Person-centered
counselling
-
ANSpeople
are
essentially
good,
are
positive,
forward
moving,
constructive,
realistic,
and
trustworthy.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mangeni188. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now