Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Exam Review Questions and Answers

normal ovarian function vs PCOS. - ANSWER-a little cyst is not bad, we actually expect it to happen when egg is about to rupture out. Theca cells make androgen and granulosa cells make estrogen. Anatomy is generally the same with these women with irregular menstruation and no fertility. Saw that polycystic ovary is that there are a bunch of follicles and cysts but not one that gets big enough to rupture. PCOS combines many areas of reproductive physiology - ANSWER-1) Abnormal hypothalamic function 2) Abnormal ovarian steroidogenesis 3) Prenatal programming 4) Metabolic interaction - obesity can make it worse 5) Abnormal menstrual cycles and fertility 6) Pregnancy complications PCOS commonality - ANSWER-- One of the most common endocrine conditions of women - 10-20 % of reproductive age women - Leading cause of infertility - unselected obese women = 28% - unselected lean women = 5% - women with infrequent menses = 90-90% -women with no menses = 30-40% economic impact of PCOS - ANSWER-- 4.3 billion dollars per year in evaluations and treatment PCOS Features - ANSWER-1) Follicle arrest 2) Menstrual dysfunction - period with no ovulation 3) Hyperandrogenism: Hirsutism (access of unwanted hairs) in 40% 4) Infertility 5) Insulin resistance 6) Abnormal cholesterol profile 7) Obesity - 50% 3 Major Definitions of PCOS - ANSWER-1) 1990 nih consensus conference definition 2) rottardam 2003 (2/3: disordered ovulation, hyperandrogenism (increased androgen, increased sensativity, acne), and polycystic ovaries - doubled the prevalence) 4) androgen excess society 2006 (hyperandrogenism clinical or biochemical and ovarian dysfunction and/or polycystic ovaries