BOT3015 Exam 1 Marking Scheme

BOT3015 Exam 1 Marking Scheme 3 main tissue systems of plants - ANSWER- epidermal, ground, vascular 2 organ systems of plants - ANSWER- root system, shoot system The root system is specialized for what? - ANSWER- water and nutrient absorption The shoot system serves what function? - ANSWER- plant support, material transport, photosynthesis What is conduction? - ANSWER- transporting of materials throughout tissue 3.1 (Cells) What organelle do plant cells contain a lot of to perform photosynthesis (autotrophic energy production)? - ANSWER- chloroplasts 3.1 Chloroplasts contribute to what within leaves? - ANSWER- green color 3.1 Tissues are made up of what? - ANSWER- 3+ cells of one kind that interconnect and perform a shared function 3.1 T/F A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. - ANSWER- T 3.1 Cell Theory (3 parts) - ANSWER- 1) all organisms are composed of cells 2) cells are the most basic unit of life 3) all cells are produced from previous cells 3.1 General size of prokaryotic cells - ANSWER- 0.1-5.0 microm in diameter 3.1 General size of eukaryotic cells - ANSWER- 10-100 microm in diameter 3.1 An advantage of small cell size is... - ANSWER- molecules efficiently diffuse throughout and out of the cell 3.1 As cell size increases, the size-to-volume ratio... - ANSWER- decreases 3.1 4 components of cells - ANSWER- 1) plasma membrane (barrier) 2) cytoplasm and cytosol (fluid inside cell) 3) DNA (within nucleus or nucleoid region) 4) ribosomes (or protein-synthesizing structures) 3.1 plasmodesmata - ANSWER- channels connecting 2 plant cells 3.1 cell wall - ANSWER- maintains cell shape and rigidity 3.1 central vacuole - ANSWER- filled with fluid (sap) and maintains pressure against cell wall 3.1 plastid - ANSWER- stores pigment 3.1 2 general types of plant tissue - ANSWER- meristematic tissue and non- meristematic (permanent) tissue 3.1 meristem - ANSWER- plant region of continuous cell division and growth 3.1 Characteristic of meristematic tissue - ANSWER- the cells are either undifferentiated or incompletely differentiated 3.1 Characteristic of non-meristematic tissue - ANSWER- consist of plant cells that no longer undergo active division 3.1 3 types of meristematic tissue - ANSWER- 1) apical meristems 2) lateral meristems 3) intercalary meristems 3.1 apical meristems - ANSWER- located at the tip (apex) of stem and roots, enable further extension in length 3.1 lateral meristems - ANSWER- (vertical) aid in increased thickness in maturing plants 3.1 intercalary meristems - ANSWER- present only in monocots at the base of leaf blades and at nodes; enables monocot to increase in length from base 3.1 dermal tissue - ANSWER- covers and protects the plant 3.1 ground tissue - ANSWER- simple tissue; site for photosynthesis, provides a supporting matrix for vascular tissue, water and sugar storage 3.1 vascular tissue - ANSWER- responsible for water, mineral, sugar transport around plant 3.1 simple tissue - ANSWER- contains 1 cell type 3.1 complex tissue - ANSWER- contain multiple cell types 3.1 main functions of dermal tissue - ANSWER- transpiration, gas exchange, defense 3.1 epidermis - ANSWER- 1 layer, contains stomata and guard cells for gas exchange 3.1 periderm - ANSWER- secondary growth stage of epidermis, thick first line of defense against environment 3.1 What makes up the periderm? - ANSWER- cork cambium, cork cells, phelloderm 3.1 3 types of ground tissue - ANSWER- collenchyma, sclerenchyma, parenchyma 3.1 collenchyma - ANSWER- living supportive tissue, elongated cells; provides mechanical support to young stems and leaves via turgor/hydrostatic pressure 3.1 sclerenchyma - ANSWER- dead supportive tissue consisting of long fibers or short, crystal-like cells; support for older plant organs, hardens different plant parts (like unripe fruit) 3.1 sclereids - ANSWER- stone cells; short, crystal-like cells found within sclerenchyma tissue 3.1 parenchyma - ANSWER- spherical, elongated cells with a thin primary cell wall; main component of young plant organs; for photosynthesis and storage 3.1 Parenchyma is important for... - ANSWER- regeneration because they are capable of differentiating into any cell type 3.1 parenchyma are... - ANSWER- widespread in plant body, are frequent in stem cortex and pith 3.1 Vascular tissue is composed of which conducting tissues? - ANSWER- xylem and phloem