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OCR A-level history: Economy thematic essay
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Economy thematic essay for China and it's rulers, I was given 20/25 marks
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Ellie CainTo what extent did the economic aims of Chinese
government stay the same in the period from 1839 to
1989? (2017)
During the period 1839 to 1989 there were various economic aims implemented by the
Chinese government from the Imperial period to Deng Xiaoping which allowed for the
expansion and modernization of the various sectors in the Chinese economy, including
agriculture, industry and trade, this includes things like the want to modernise the
agricultural sector through the use of policies, along with the influence from the West
that was implemented during Deng Xiaoping’s rule.
During the Imperial period of China, vast amounts of the country's economy was
predominantly agricultural, with most of the population being peasants, living in villages
and renting from landlords, and the relationship between the two was of dependence,
this is similar to the Republican period as China did still have a main focus on agriculture
during this period, but with rural poverty that continued to cause regional famines every
few years, as well the hatred toward landlords became a prominent feature of Chinese
society during the Imperial period, which contrasts Mao from him later exploiting this.
A contrast between the Imperial and Republican period is that the Chinese Government
implemented policies to modernise and improve the agriculture sector, with that of land
reforms and the setting up of rural associations that published newspapers and
instructional pamphlets to farmers and also agricultural schools with local training
session for farmers, this is similar to Mao, as he made government effort for improvising
the agricultural output of China and started the idea of collectivisation, which had the
aim to collectivise agriculture and increase the productivity of this sector.
Another contrast to Mao is from the rule of Deng Xiaoping, he introduced reforms which
included decentralisation of decision making power to local governments and the
introduction of market incentives for farmers, which broke up the collective farms and
State Owned Enterprises that Mao had established, along with the establishment of a
household responsibility system.
The Manchu Dynasty wanted China to remain Sinocentric and was reluctant to admit that
the country could no longer sustain this way and needed trade help from the outside
world, though trade did increase 4% annually during the 18th century and the beginning
of the 19th century. There is a similarity to Mao with the Emperors of the Imperial period,
who looked at trade with other countries as receiving gifts from inferiors, which Mao
also viewed in the same light.
A similarity of the Republican period to Deng was the willingness to trade, China’s
development finance corporation had a significant role in the foreign investment and
exchange of China, this contrasts Mao’s view, as Deng was much more willing to trade
with other nations and wanted to compete internationally, Deng’s willingness to trade is
similar to that of the Republic, the Chinese development finance corporation held a major
role in the foreign investment and exchange of China during this period, whereas Mao
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