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CRNI STUDY GUIDE ANATOMY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CRNI STUDY GUIDE ANATOMY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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CRNI STUDY GUIDE ANATOMY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 Tunica intima - ANSWER Elastic arteries —elongated endothelial cells, multiple layer subendothelial tissue, and fenestrated elastic membrane; thicken with age and fatty deposits; contain baroreceptors and chemoreceptors Muscular arteries —thinner, allowing diffusion of metabolites; contain other afferent nerve fibers Tunica media - ANSWER Elastic arteries —thicker with more elastic and fibrous tissue arranged in circular bands; respond to pumping action of h eart Muscular arteries — large mass of smooth muscle fibers controlling constriction and relaxation Decreasing amounts of elastin; muscle cells form communicating (gap) junctions, allowing diffusion of ions and electrical stimulation Tunica adventitia - ANSWER Elastic arteries —layer of collagen and elastic fibers, mast cells, nerve bundles and lymphatic vessels, and vasa vasorum Muscular arteries —contain collagen and elastin; contain vasa vasorum, lymphatic channels, and both efferent and afferent nerve fi bers Fine collagen fibers; contain vasa vasorum, lymphatic channels, and efferent nerve fibers The endothelial cells of veins and arteries can be damaged by the following: (11) - ANSWER 1. Rapid catheter advancement 2. Catheter advancement without anchor ing the skin and vein by holding traction on the skin 3. Insertion of catheter too large for lumen of vein Insertion of catheter close to area of joint flexion without adequate support from arm boards 4. Inadequate catheter stabilization, allowing for moti on of catheter 5. Inadequate skin preparation, allowing for invasion of microorganisms 6. Nonocclusive, dirty, or wet dressing, allowing for invasion of microorganisms 7. Location of catheter tip that causes impingement of tip on vein wall 8. Infusion of p articulate matter 9. Infusion of hypertonic or hypotonic solutions 10. Infusion of solution with an extremely high or low pH 11. Rapid infusion of quantities too large for vessel lumen to accommodate Dorsal venous network of hand (advantages) - ANSWER Most distal site, allowing successive sites in a proximal location; can be visualized and palpated easily; easily accessible Dorsal venous network of hand (disadvantages) - ANSWER Should be stabilized on arm board; smaller than veins in forearm; diminished skin turgor and loss of subcutaneous tissue in geriatric patients; excessive subcutaneous fat in infants; limited ability to u se hand may present problems for patients at home Cephalic vein (advantages) - ANSWER Large vein; easy to stabilize; easily accessible for caregiver and patient; may be palpated above antecubital fossa Cephalic vein (disadvantages) - ANSWER May be obscur ed by tendons controlling thumb; puncture sites directly in wrist and antecubital fossa can increase complications because of joint motion; damage to radial nerve Accessory cephalic vein(s) (advantages) - ANSWER Medium to large vein(s); easy to stabilize; can be palpated easily Accessory cephalic vein(s) (disadvantages) - ANSWER Valves at junction of cephalic vein may prohibit catheter advancement; length of vein may be too short for catheter; may not be located on children Median vein (advantages) - ANSWER Median vein (disadvantages) - ANSWER Basilic vein (advantages) - ANSWER Large vein; can be palpated easily; may be available after other sites have been exhaustedThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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