Exam (elaborations)
NANP BCHN Certification Exam 2024
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NANP BCHN Certification Exam 2024...
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NANP BCHN Certification Exam 2024Which foods are helpful for lowering blood pressure levels? -
ANSWER Celery, garlic, onions, nuts and seeds or their oils,
cold-water fish, green leafy vegetables, whole grains and legumes
What are varicose veins? - ANSWER Dilated, tortuous, superficial
veins in the legs
What causes varicose veins? - ANSWER Genetic weakness of the
vein walls or their valves; excessive pressure within the vein due to a
low-fiber induced increase in straining during defecation; long
periods of standing and/or heavy lifting; damage to the veins
resulting from inflammation
Which supplements may help improve varicose veins? - ANSWER
Vitamins C and E, bioflavonoids, and zinc
Which nutrients help support healthy adrenal functioning? -
ANSWER Vitamin C, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, zinc, and
magnesium
Which trace mineral plays a major role in the sensitivity of cells to
insulin? - ANSWER Chromium
What is diabetes? - ANSWER A chronic disorder of carbohydrate,
fat, and protein metabolism characterized by fasting elevations of
blood sugar levels
What is hypoglycemia? - ANSWER A rapid increase in blood sugar
levels, followed by a drop in blood sugar levels
What is hyperglycemia? - ANSWER A condition in which there is an
abnormally high level of glucose in the blood; often associated with
diabetes
What is hypothyroidism? - ANSWER Refers to low thyroid gland
function
,What is hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER Over activity of the thyroid
gland
Define chronic candidiasis - ANSWER An overgrowth in the
gastrointestinal tract of the usually benign yeast (or fungus) Candida
albicians
Which disease is characterized by diarrhea and an abnormal small
intestine structure caused by the immune system's response to a
protein known as gluten? - ANSWER Celiac disease
Which conditions (other than celiac disease) have been associated
with gluten intolerance? - ANSWER Thyroid abnormalities,
insulin-dependent diabetes, psychiatric disturbances including
schizophrenia, and hives
Which disease is characterized by intermittent bouts of diarrhea,
low-grade fever, and pain in the lower right abdomen as well as
inflammation throughout the entire thickness of the bowel wall? -
ANSWER Crohn's disease
What is the most common cause of
constipation? - ANSWER A low-fiber diet
Name the four major types of diarrhea - ANSWER 1. Osmotic
2. Secretory
3. Exudative
4. Inadequate-contact
Describe osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER Diarrhea caused by an
excess of water soluble
molecules in the stool, which results in increased fluid retention in
the bowel
Describe secretory diarrhea - ANSWER Diarrhea results from
excessive secretion of ions into the bowel, with the same results of
,excessive water retention in the stools
Describe exudative diarrhea - ANSWER Usually due to infections
and inflammatory bowel diseases, resulting in abnormal intestinal
permeability and intestinal loss of serum proteins
Describe inadequate-contact diarrhea - ANSWER
Inadequate-contact diarrhea is the result of inadequate contact
between surfaces, resulting in inadequate absorption
What condition refers to the presence of diverticula in the colon? -
ANSWER Diverticulosis
What condition occurs when diverticula become inflamed,
perforated, or impacted? - ANSWER Diverticulitis
What is dysbiosis? - ANSWER A state of altered bacterial flora in the
gut
Name the two most important friendly bacteria that can be used to
treat dysbiosis - ANSWER Lactobacillus acidophilus and
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Name the three steps that cause the formation of gallstones -
ANSWER 1. Bile supersaturation
2. Nucleation and initiation of stone
3. Enlargement of the gallstone by accretion
What are the major risk factors for the development of cholesterol
and mixed gallstones? - ANSWER Diet, sex, race, obesity, high
caloric intake, estrogens, gastrointestinal diseases (especially
Crohn's disease and cystic fibrosis), drugs, and age
What are hemorrhoids? - ANSWER Abnormally large or painful
conglomerates of vessels, supporting tissues, and overlying mucous
, membrane or skin of the anorectal area
What is hyperchlorhydia? - ANSWER A condition in which there is
too much gastric acid secretion in the stomach
What is hypochlorhydia? - ANSWER Hypochlorhydria refers to
deficient gastric acid secretion, which results in chronic indigestion.
Define irritable bowel syndrome - ANSWER A functional disorder of
the large intestine with no evidence of accompanying structural
defect.
List 5 cases of IBD. - ANSWER 1. Genetic predisposition 2.
Infectious agent or agents 3. Antibiotic exposure 4. Immune system
abnormality 5. Dietary factors
What is leaky gut syndrome? - ANSWER An increase in the
permeability of the intestinal mucosa
What is an ulcer? - ANSWER An ulcer is an erosion of the tissue,
producing a crater-like lesion that occurs in the stomach (gastric
ulcer) or the first portion of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer)
Raw cabbage juice is well documented as having remarkable
success in treating what disorder? - ANSWER Peptic ulcers
List the typical signs of a food allergy - ANSWER Dark circle under
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