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ABT1519 EXAM PACK 2024
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ABT1519 EXAM PACK 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ABT1519 EXAMPACK 2024
LATEST QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
, ABT1519 EXAM PACK 2024
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT
FOLLOW
New writers often try to use the sounds in words to figure out their spellings;
experienced writers often use this phonetic strategy first, and then try other
approaches, including applying common spelling patterns. So it is definitely
worthwhile to help learners hear the sounds in words by developing phonemic
awareness, and then exploring sound/symbol relationships and spelling
patterns —especially if you continuously encourage learners to think about
what they say.
QUESTION 1
Phonemic awareness is one of the strategies that can be employed to help
learners enhance on their spelling abilities. Discuss TWO ways of ensuring
phonemic awareness among adult learners. [10
marks]
Phonemic awareness, the ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in
spoken words, is a crucial skill for developing spelling abilities. Here are two effective
strategies to ensure phonemic awareness among adult learners:
1. Phoneme Segmentation and Blending Activities
Phoneme Segmentation: Phoneme segmentation involves breaking down words
into their individual sounds. This activity helps learners understand how words are
composed of discrete sounds, which is essential for accurate spelling. Here are
steps to implement this strategy:
Sound Counting: Provide learners with simple words and ask them to count the
number of sounds they hear. For example, in the word "cat," there are three
sounds: /k/, /æ/, and /t/.
Elkonin Boxes: Use Elkonin boxes, which are drawn grids where each box
represents a single phoneme. Learners place a marker in each box as they say the
sounds in a word. For instance, the word "ship" would be broken into / ʃ/, / ɪ/, /p/, with
each sound placed in a separate box.
Oral Segmentation Practice: Engage learners in oral practice by saying a word
slowly and distinctly, allowing them to hear each phoneme. Then, have them repeat
the word and segment the sounds aloud.
Phoneme Blending: Phoneme blending is the reverse process, where learners
combine individual sounds to form words. This skill is crucial for recognizing and
spelling unfamiliar words. To implement blending activities:
Sound by Sound Blending: Present individual sounds of a word in sequence and
ask learners to blend them into a whole word. For example, say /b/, /æ/, /t/ and
have learners blend them to say "bat."
Interactive Games: Use games like "What’s the Word?" where the instructor gives
phonemes slowly (/k/ /a/ /t/) and learners guess the word ("cat"). This reinforces the
ability to hear sounds and combine them to form words.
2. Use of Multisensory Learning Techniques
, Multisensory learning techniques engage multiple senses to reinforce phonemic
awareness. These approaches can be particularly effective for adult learners who
may benefit from varied methods to solidify their understanding.
Visual and Auditory Integration: Use visual aids, such as alphabet cards or word
charts, alongside auditory exercises. For example, show a card with the letter "b"
while saying the /b/ sound. This helps learners associate the visual representation
of a letter with its phonetic sound.
Kinesthetic Activities: Engage learners in physical activities that involve
movement to reinforce phonemic concepts. For instance, learners can "air write"
letters or words while saying the corresponding sounds. Tracing letters in sand or
using finger paints can also create a tactile connection to phonemes.
Technology-Assisted Learning: Utilize apps and software designed to enhance
phonemic awareness. Many educational programs provide interactive exercises
where learners can hear sounds, see corresponding letters, and practice spelling in
a gamified environment. These tools often include immediate feedback, which is
crucial for learning.
By incorporating these strategies, educators can significantly enhance adult learners'
phonemic awareness, laying a strong foundation for improved spelling skills.
Encouraging active participation, continuous practice, and the integration of multiple
senses ensures a comprehensive approach to mastering the relationship between
sounds and their corresponding letters or letter patterns.
QUESTION 2
The ability of learners to explore different sounds in a passage can help them
to enhance their spelling of words. Using relevant examples, explain THREE
strategies that you would employ to help adult learners to explore sounds.
[45 marks]
To enhance adult learners' ability to explore different sounds in a passage and
improve their spelling, it is essential to employ strategies that engage their auditory
and visual senses while providing practical applications. Here are three effective
strategies, each with relevant examples:
1. Phonological Awareness Activities
Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sound
structures of spoken language. Activities that target this skill help learners
understand the relationship between sounds and their written forms.
Examples and Activities:
Rhyming Exercises: Engage learners in identifying and generating rhymes. For
example, present a word like "cat" and ask learners to come up with words that
rhyme, such as "bat," "hat," and "rat." This activity helps learners recognize
common sound patterns, which is crucial for spelling similar-sounding words.
Alliteration and Tongue Twisters: Use sentences with repeated initial sounds,
such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers." Ask learners to identify the
initial sound in each word and create their own alliterative phrases. This practice
highlights phonemic patterns and enhances sound recognition.
Syllable Counting: Teach learners to break words into syllables, which are easier
to spell than entire words. For instance, the word "elephant" can be broken down
, into three syllables: "el-e-phant." Clapping or tapping for each syllable can reinforce
this concept.
2. Explicit Phonics Instruction
Phonics instruction involves teaching the relationships between letters and sounds.
Explicit instruction in phonics helps learners decode words and understand spelling
rules.
Examples and Activities:
Letter-Sound Correspondence: Start with basic letter-sound correspondences,
such as the sound /m/ for the letter "m." Use flashcards, charts, and interactive
activities to reinforce these connections. Gradually introduce more complex
correspondences, such as digraphs (e.g., "sh" in "ship") and blends (e.g., "bl" in
"blue").
Word Families: Teach word families, which are groups of words that have a
common feature or pattern. For example, the "-at" family includes "cat," "bat," "hat,"
and "mat." Understanding word families helps learners recognize and spell words
with similar patterns more easily.
Decoding Practice: Provide texts that are appropriate for the learners’ phonics
level. Ask learners to decode and read aloud, focusing on sounding out each word.
For instance, a beginner might read a passage like "The cat sat on the mat," while
more advanced learners might tackle "The chimpanzee swung from branch to
branch."
3. Interactive and Contextual Learning
Using interactive methods and contextual learning helps learners apply their
phonemic and phonetic knowledge in meaningful ways, making the learning process
more engaging and effective.
Examples and Activities:
Interactive Read-Alouds: During read-aloud sessions, pause to highlight and
discuss specific sounds and spelling patterns in the text. For example, while
reading a passage with multiple instances of the "-ing" ending, point out words like
"singing," "jumping," and "running." Discuss how the "-ing" ending affects the base
word's spelling.
Word Sorts: Use word sorting activities to help learners categorize words based
on their sounds and spelling patterns. For instance, provide a list of words and ask
learners to sort them into groups, such as those with short vowel sounds (e.g.,
"cat," "pet") and those with long vowel sounds (e.g., "cake," "peet"). This activity
reinforces the connection between sounds and spelling patterns.
Spelling and Writing Activities: Encourage learners to write sentences or short
paragraphs using specific words that focus on certain sounds or patterns. For
example, assign a writing prompt that requires the use of words with the "ch"
digraph, such as "choose," "chase," and "church." This practice helps learners
apply their knowledge in context and reinforces correct spelling.
By incorporating these strategies, educators can provide adult learners with a
comprehensive approach to exploring sounds and improving their spelling. Each
method combines auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learning elements, ensuring a
well-rounded and engaging educational experience.
QUESTION 3
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