Bio 101 2024 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

Bio 101 2024 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions What six elements make up 95% of the body weight of organisms? - Answer-Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur What is a molecule? - Answer-Two or more atoms bonded together What is a compound? - Answer-A molecule containing at least two different elements bonded together What is a formula? - Answer-The number of each kind of atom in a molecule What differentiates protons, neutrons, and electrons? - Answer-protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged What is an atomic number? - Answer-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom What is atomic mass? - Answer-the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus What is an isotope? - Answer-atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain What makes an isotope radioactive? - Answer-the rays of energy and number of subatomic particles an isotope gives off. Structure = ? - Answer-function What are the 5 steps of the scientific method? - Answer-Observation, hypothesis, experiments and data collection, conclusion What is a hypotheses? - Answer-an explanation for what was observed what is a variable? - Answer-anything that changes What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable? - Answer- Dependent variables don't change while independent variables do What is required for good experimental design? - Answer-clear, defined results; descriptive controls; recordable results What is the difference between the control group and the test group? - Answer-The test group is exposed to the experimental and the control group is not What is a positive control? - Answer-it gives you a result independently of your test. What is cohesion? - Answer-water molecules clinging to each other due to hydrogen bonding What is adhesion? - Answer-water molecules cling to other polar surfaces Between which numbers on the PH scale is something acidic? - Answer-0 through 7 At what number on the PH scale is something neutral? - Answer-7 Between which numbers on the PH scale is something basic/alkaline? - Answer- 7 through 14 Why is the reaction to form polymers called a dehydration reaction? - Answer-It takes water out of the reaction Define hydrolysis - Answer-to break water Where do the hydrogen and hydroxyl molecules go during a hydrolysis reaction? - Answer-they attach to the monomer and polymer What elements compose carbohydrates and what is the ratio? - Answer-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; 1:2:1 What are the building blocks of all carbohydrates? - Answer-monosaccharides (aka sugar) What are the three simple sugars and what is their chemical formula? - Answer-glucose, fructose, and galactose; C6H12O6 What are some functions of lipids? - Answer-energy storage, protection, insulation, lubrication, hormone precursors, and cell membranes What are the 4 lipid groups? - Answer-triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes Define hydrophobic. - Answer-the fear of water What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? - Answer-saturated fats have single carbon-carbon bonds and are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats have double carbon bonds and are liquid at room temperature What component of phospholipids are hydrophilic? - Answer-The phosphate head What's the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? - Answer-Cholesterol stabilizes the plasma membrane What makes amino acids different from each other? - Answer-They all have differing R groups