Congestive Heart Failure Summary || with 100% Errorless Answers.

A 65-year old female presents complaining of swelling in her legs. She also has occasional dyspnea. Findings include elevated jugulo-venous pulsation, hepatomegaly, and EF of 48%. Which of the following best accounts for this situation? Cor pulmonale Left systolic dysfunction Left diastolic dysfunction LV and RV failure Decompensated RV failure correct answers Decompensated right ventricle heart failure is most likely, left ventricular and right ventricular failure would be the second best choice. Which of the following is most likely to initially result in left systolic dysfunction? Pulmonary embolism Myocardial infarction Concentric hypertrophy from hypertension Mitral stenosis Acute volume overload correct answers Myocardial infarction, none of the other options will not immediately cause heart failure. Which type of heart failure will pulmonary embolism produce? correct answers Right heart failure. What is the definition of heart failure? correct answers Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump blood forward at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body, OR the ability to do so only if cardiac filling pressures are sufficiently high, OR both. What does it mean to say that heart failure is a clinical diagnosis? correct answers Occurs in patients who develop a constellation of clinical symptoms (dyspnea & fatigue) and signs (pulmonary edema and other edema) that lead to frequent hospitalizations, a poor quality of life, and a shortened life expectancy. What is a clinical diagnosis? correct answers A diagnosis based solely on history and physical. Useful definitions: Forward failure. correct answers Decreased cardiac output plus increased metabolic demand, resulting in decreased tissue perfusion. Useful definitions: Backward failure. correct answers Pooling of blood in the venous system (lungs, SVC, IVC, liver, extremities). Useful definitions: Preload. correct answers Ventricular wall tension at the end of diastole, as approximated by end-diastolic volume or pressure.