SLP Praxis 2019 with 100% Correct
Answers 2022\2023
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - Correct answer-Sensorimotor (0-
2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration? - Correct answer-Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serrates posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarium brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration? - Correct answer-Internal intercostal
muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
What structures are involved in respiration? - Correct answer-Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory? - Correct answer-It's a theory of phonation.
VF closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the folds apart ->
folds vibrate -> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds sucked
back together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages? - Correct answer-Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
,Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds. - Correct answer-Vocal
folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Correct answer-internal
thyroarytenoid: it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and
produces sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - Correct answer-Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? - Correct answer-All innervated by CN 12
Genioglossus: forms bulk of tongue. retracts, draws tongue downward
Styloglossus: draws tongue up and back
Hyoglossus: retracts and depresses tongue
Chondroglossus: depresses tongue
Palatoglossus: elevates tongue and depresses velum
What are the muscles of the pharynx? - Correct answer-salpingopharyngeus: elevates
laryngeal wall
stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of
pharynx
What are the muscles of the soft palate? - Correct answer-levator veli palatini: elevates
velum
tensor veli palatini: tenses velum
palatoglossus: elevates and depresses velum
palatopharyngeus: lowers velum
What are the structures of the hard palate? - Correct answer-Pre maxilla
Palatine process
What are the muscles of the mandible? - Correct answer-Elevators:
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoid
Depressors:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
What are the cranial nerves? - Correct answer-Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Trigeminal: function and damage - Correct answer-Provides sensory information to
face. It has three branches.
Ophthalmic: nose and eyes
Maxillary: lip, maxilla, upper cheek
Mandibular: lower teeth
Provides motor information to the jaw.
Damage could result in an inability to close mouth and chew.
Facial: function and damage - Correct answer-Provides sensory information to anterior
2/3 of tongue.
Provides motor information to muscles of the face.
Damage could result in a mask like appearance.
Vestibulocochlear: function and damage - Correct answer-There are two branches. The
vestibular branch and acoustic branch. Provides sensory information.
Damage could result in hearing loss or balance issues or both.
Glossopharyngeal: function and damage - Correct answer-Provides sensory information
to posterior 1/3 of tongue
Provides motor information to muscles of pharynx (some)
Damage could result in loss of taste, difficulty swallowing and damage to the gag reflex.
Vagus: function and damage - Correct answer-Provides sensory and motor information
to some muscles of larynx and pharynx.
There is the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is responsible for intrinsic muscles of
larynx (except cricothryoid)
The pharyngeal branch is responsible for the pharyngeal constrictors and most muscles
of velum (except tensor tympani)
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