Inorganic AS AQA Chemistry

Inorganic AS AQA Chemistry What is a d-block (or f-block) element? - CORRECT ANSWER-An element that forms one or more stable ions with a partially filled d (or f) orbital What is an s-block (or p-block) element? - CORRECT ANSWER-An element with its outer electrons in the s (or p) orbitals What is the scientific name for the rows on the Periodic Table? - CORRECT ANSWER-Periods What is the scientific name for the columns on the Periodic Table? - CORRECT ANSWER-Groups What does the group number tell us about an element? - CORRECT ANSWER-How many electrons are in its outer shell What does the period number tell us about an element? - CORRECT ANSWER-How many shells the atom has in its atomic structure State and explain the reactivity of the Group 1 elements - CORRECT ANSWER-It increases. 1. More shells = more shielding. 2. Outer electron less attracted to positive nucleus. 3. Easier to remove an electron. State and explain the reactivity of the Group 7 elements - CORRECT ANSWER-It decreases. 1. More shells = more shielding. 2. Outer electron less attracted to positive nucleus. 3. Harder to remove an electron. Where are the following located on the periodic table? 1. Metals 2. Non-metals 3. Transition metals 4. Noble Gases 5. Halogens 6. Alkali metals 7. Alkaline earth metals - CORRECT ANSWER-1. To the left 2. To the right 3. In the middle 4. Group 0 5. Group 7 6. Group 1 7. Group 2 What happens to the number of electron shells as we go across a period? - CORRECT ANSWER-They stay the same Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties? - CORRECT ANSWER-They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell Explain the term 'periodicity' - CORRECT ANSWER-The repeating pattern of certain properties of elements across a period Explain what happens to the ionisation energies across periods 2 and 3. - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase Because: 1. Same amount of shielding 2. More protons in nucleus 3. Greater attraction between outer electron and nucleus. 4. Harder to remove an electron. Explain why the ionisation energy drops from Mg to Al - CORRECT ANSWER-Electron removed from Al is in the 3p sub-shell, which is higher in energy than the 3s orbital Explain why the ionisation energy drops from P to S - CORRECT ANSWER-The shielding is the same but the electron removed from S is doubly paired (there are two in the orbital). This means that the electrons in this orbital are already repelling each other. This means that it is easier to remove one of these electrons. Describe what happens to the type of bonding across Period 3 - CORRECT ANSWER-It changes from: 1. Giant metallic (sodium, magnesium and aluminium) 2. To giant covalent (silicon) 3. To simple covalent (phosphorous, sulphur, chlorine) 4. To atomic (argon) State the general trend in melting points of the elements in Period 3 - CORRECT ANSWER-They decrease Explain the trend in melting and boiling points across: Na, Mg, Al - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase - higher charge on metal ion ( and therefore more delocalised electrons) means stronger electrostatic attractions