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BIOL 201 Ivy Tech - Lab Exam 2 (Ex. 9 - 16).
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BIOL 201 Ivy Tech - Lab Exam 2 (Ex. 9 - 16).
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BIOL 201 Ivy Tech - Lab Exam 2 (Ex. 9 - 16)A or AB; A or O - ANS-Who can blood type A donate and receive from?
A, B, AB, or O; O - ANS-Who can blood type O donate and receive from?
AB; A, B, AB, or O - ANS-Who can blood type AB donate and receive from?
Adult schistosome (blood fluke) in liver - ANS-
Adult schistosomes (blood fluke) - ANS-
Aequorea victoria - ANS-The jellyfish where pGREEN originates
Agarose - ANS-Long chain polysaccharide found in the electrophoretic gel
Agarose electrophoresis - ANS-This is used to determine the size of the DNA fragment.
- Involved the subjecting the results of the PCR reaction to separation using an
electrical field to draw the DNA through a gel.
Agglutination tests and ELISA tests - ANS-These can determine if antibodies are
present in a patient's serum or in a clinical sample
Agglutinins - ANS-Another word for antibodies
Agglutinogens - ANS-Another word for antigens
Alcohols - ANS-At 50-95% concentration is effective in disrupting membranes and
altering tertiary structure.
95-100% concentration dehydrates cells.
Annealing - ANS-(PCR) When the primer complementary base is paired with the DNA in
the specimen.
Antibodies - ANS-Are created in response to an antigen. These will specifically bind to
that antigen.
Antibody-antigen complex - ANS-When an antibody binds to two antigen molecules, this
forms a large mass or complex called an antibody-antigen complex, or more simply as
,immune complex. These clumps are large enough to be seen with the naked eye, which
is known as agglutination.
Antigen - ANS-Can be a protein, chemical, etc., will have different sites that will evoke
an immune response.
Antisepsis - ANS-Refers to the practices to keep microorganisms from entering the
sterile tissues.
(The application of antiseptics and this is referred to aseptic technique.)
Antiseptics - ANS-Chemicals designed to be used on the skin or mucus membranes
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) adult - ANS-
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) egg - ANS-
Autoclave - ANS-Common medical sterilizer. It is pressurized so that the boiling point is
pushed to 121C by raising the pressure to 15 pounds per square inch.
B or AB; B or O - ANS-Who can blood type B donate and receive from?
B-Lactamase - ANS-Enzyme that breaks down ampicillin
Bactericidal agents - ANS-Kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic agents - ANS-Chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Batch pasteurization - ANS-Heating the solution to 63-65C for 30 minutes.
- Kills most of the vegetative cells
Blood typing - ANS-Replies upon the specific interaction between antibodies
(agglutinins) against the various antigens (agglutinogens) on the surface of the RBCs.
Blood typing test - ANS-1. Alcohol swab to sanitize finger
2. Hold down hand and shake for better blood flow
3. Hold lancet against finger and push down to fire a prick
4. Squeeze two drops of blood into A and B well of reaction plate.
5. Apply pressure to the site of puncture.
6. Place bandage over puncture once bleeding stops.
7. Lancet goes in sharps biohazard container.
, 8. Add anti-A reagent into A well
9. Add anti-B reagent into B well
10. Mix blood and reagent together with a toothpick
11. Mix until agglutination occurs
Chemical agents - ANS-Substances that react with and alter molecular components of a
cell
Competent - ANS-Cells that have the ability to take in DNA from the environment.
Cyst - ANS-This is a stage of the organism's life cycle that is able to withstand severe
environmental conditions, even stomach acid.
Decontamination - ANS-Removal of microorganisms from instruments, materials, etc.
Desiccation - ANS-Involves removal of water from the material you wish to preserve.
- Stops the activity of enzymes which stops growth
- When rehydrated, microbes continue their growth
Detergents - ANS-Mainly disrupt membranes but also alter the tertiary structure of some
proteins.
- Act as surfactants, meaning they allow bacteria and virus to lose their attachment to
be more easily washed away.
- Exert a low level of activity
Differences in DNA replication and replication in PCR - ANS-- Temperature is used to
denature the DNA instead of enzymes
- Instead of using the RNA primer, short pieces of ssDNA are added to the mixture
(known as primers)
- When the temperature is lowered, the primer complementary base is paired with the
DNA in the specimen (ANNEALING).
- There are two different primers used in the PCR reaction
1. One goes to the end of the target region, the other at the beginning of the target
region.
- Once annealed, the temperature is raised slightly.
- Once raised, the enzyme DNA polymerase begins synthesizing at the end of these
synthetic primers.
- The region between the primers will be amplified through numerous cycles to such a
degree than it can be visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis.
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