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Biology 115 WVU Final
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Biology 115 WVU Final
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Biology 115 WVU FinalWhere does transcription occur in eukaryotes? In prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Nucleus
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes? In prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Cytoplasm
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
What are the three parts of gene (beginning, middle, and end)?
Beginning: Promotor
Middle: Termination Sequence
End: Termination Point
What is the name of the enzyme that creates mRNA from DNA?
RNA Polymerase
What are the stages of bacterial transcription and what are the main events of each stage?
1) Intiation - RNA Polymerase opens DNA bubble and +1 site where RNA creates covalent
bonds
2) Elongation - RNA Polymerase moves and new nucleotides come in and start
complementary base pairing
3) Termination - Hairloop Pin
What are the major differences between prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic transcription?
Location between the two during Transcription
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What is an exon? What is an intron? Do prokaryotes contain introns?
Exon - segment of DNA in eukaryotic gene that codes fro amino acids in a protein
Intron - interrupts sequences; DOES NOT code for amino acids in a protein within eukaryotic
gene
What is added to eukaryotic mRNAs to add stability to the transcript?
5' cap
, Poly-a tail
What are the RNA/protein molecules that help to make up a spliceosome?
snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)
What is the function of:
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) - carries instructions from DNA in nucleus to the ribosome
rRNA - reads the DNA sequence that plays a structural role in ribosomes
tRNA (transfer RNA) - carries amino acids to the ribosome
How is a tRNA "primed" to become an aminoacyl tRNA?
How does the anticodon sequence effect which amino acid is attached?
Adds an amino acid to the RNA molecule
N/A
What are the stages of translation? What are the main events of each stage?
1) Intitiation - proteins recruit first amino acid and mRNA to small subunit of ribosome
2) Elongation - Exit site, Passing site, Accepting site (where new "charged" tRNAs enter)
3) Termination - factor bonds released, polypeptides released, ribosome subunits separate
How do each of the following processes act to control gene regulation:
Transcriptional
Translational
Post-translational
Transcriptional - Cell controls when it creates specific mRNAs
Translational - Cell controls when mRNAs are translated
Post-translational - Cell controls chemical modification of proteins
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