nforcer weakens its effectiveness and for this
reason the rate of responses declines.
Positive Reinforcement - answerA type of reinforcement in which the presentation of the
stimulus is contingent upon the response, resulting in an increase in the future probability of that
response
Negative R...
BCAT Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Motivating Operations (MO) - answer✔✔An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event. Contingency - answer✔✔Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior an it's controlling variables. Satiation - answer✔✔Repeated presentation of a reinforcer weakens its effectiveness and for this reason the rate of responses declin es. Positive Reinforcement - answer✔✔A type of reinforcement in which the presentation of the stimulus is contingent upon the response, resulting in an increase in the future probability of that response Negative Reinforcement - answer✔✔A type of reinforce ment in which removal of a stimulus is contingent on a response, resulting in an increase in the future probability of that response. Positive Punishment - answer✔✔A type of punishment in which stimulus presentation is contingent on a response, resulting i n the decrease of the future probability of that response Negative Punishment - answer✔✔A type of punishment in which stimulus removal is contingent on a response, resulting in the decrease of the future probability of that response. Establishing Operation s (EO) - answer✔✔Increases motivation for something and increases likelihood you will try to access that reinforcer Abolishing Operations (AO) - answer✔✔Decreases motivation for something and decreases likelihood you will try to access that reinforcer Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - answer✔✔A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced and in the absence of which that response will not be reinf Stimulus Control (Discriminative Control) - answer✔✔The tendency for the target beha vior to occur in the presence of the SD (b/c it was reinforced in the past) Discrimination Training - answer✔✔Teach the child to respond to/tell the difference between two (or more) SDs. Discrete Trial Training (DTT) - answer✔✔A specific method of teaching in which a task is isolated and taught across multiple trials. A specific opportunity (antecedent) is presented and a specific response is expected. A consequence follows the response. Fluency -Based Training - answer✔✔Taking an existing skill and increasi ng accuracy and speed of skill performance in order to develop competence Errorless Learning - answer✔✔Involves early and immediate prompting of the target response so that the learner's response is sure to be correct. Most -to-Least Prompting - answer✔✔Fading from one type of prompt to another less intrusive prompt. Most assistance to least assistance. Least -to-Most Prompting - answer✔✔Staring with a least intrusive prompt possible and the client is not successful, therefore having to move to more intrusive prompts until the client responds. Chaining - answer✔✔A chain of sequence of SDs and responses where each response in the sequence (expect for the last one) produces the SD for the next response in the sequence; A complex bx that is comprised of many sing le responses that occur in a specific sequence Forward Chaining - answer✔✔Begin with the first SD -Response component in the chain and then continue forward though the remaining SD -Response components Backward Chaining - answer✔✔Begin with the final step, o r the last SD -Response component, then move backwards towards the remaining components Total Task Presentation - answer✔✔All of the SD -Response components of the chain are taught during every learning trial. A reinforcer is delivered after each SD -Response component. Shaping - answer✔✔Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a target bx while extinguishing previous approximations. Noncontingent Reinforcer - answer✔✔The delivery of functional reinforcers on a time based schedule, independent o f the problem behavior Replacement Behavior - answer✔✔Other behaviors or skills taught that are an appropriate substitute for a problem behavior. Escape Extinction - answer✔✔Planned ignoring of the problem behavior maintained by social negative reinforceme nt (the ability to escape a situation/demand) Attention Extinction - answer✔✔Planned ignoring of the problem behavior maintained by social positive reinforcement (receiving attention from another person) Access to Tangible Extinction - answer✔✔Planned ignoring of the problem behavior maintained by social positive reinforcement (the ability to gain a desired item)
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