summary notes on the topic of manipulating genomes in module 6, including genetic engineering, gene sequencing..
covering all parts of the specification
A-level OCR Biology A - Respiration and Photosynthesis Summary side by side
All for this textbook (6)
Written for
A/AS Level
OCR
Biology
A2 Unit F215 - Control, Genomes and Environment
All documents for this subject (14)
Seller
Follow
erikakumar
Reviews received
Content preview
MODULE 6
OCR A
MANIPULATING
GENOMES
BIOLOGY
___
Notes
2% of genome = coding exons
Non-coding DNA:
- Satellite DNA= short sequences repeated many times in same positions in chromosome,
but the number of repeats varies btw individuals b/C different length of repeats
inherited from both parents
- Minisatellite: sequence of 20~50 base pairs repeated 50~100 times at 1000 locations
(VNTRs)
- Microsatellite: 2-4 base pairs repeated 5~15 times (STRs)
DNA PROFILING
1. Extract DNA and cut it into small fragments using restriction endonucleases at specific
nucleotide sequences / restriction sites
→2 cuts (1 through each strand) not within the satellites so remain intact
2. Separate fragments through gel electrophoresis
- Insert them into wells at 1 end
- Gel immersed in buffer solution
- Electric current: DNA is negatively charged due to the PO₄³- so is attracted to the anode
- Gel: mesh resists movement
- Smallest fragments move fastest as they experience less friction from the gel
, - When the other end is reached: power is switched off
- Gel in alkaline buffer solution to denature fragments and separate strands
- Southern bloating : strands in nylon membrane over gel and covered with sheets of dry
absorbent paper
- Drawing alkaline solution through membrane by capillary action to transfer fragments
to the membrane in precisely the same positions as they were on the gel (since they
can’t pass through it )
- Radiograph film: visible pattern of light and dark bands unique and highly specific
DNA probes : sequence of bases complementary to DNA
Locate the gene
,
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller erikakumar. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
