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BEHV4010 Exam 3.
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Exam of 5 pages for the course 4010 Exam 1 at 4010 Exam 1 (BEHV4010 Exam 3.)
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BEHV4010 Exam 3the process of Negative Reinforcement. - ANS-The removal, reduction, postponement,
or prevention of the aversive stimulus that maintains or increases the behavior; these
operations strengthen the response on which they are contingent.
demand> problem behavior> escape from demand
Describe the difficulties with distinguishing between positive and negative reinforcement
in applied situations (pg. 363). Also, consider the case of someone who "scratches an
itch from a mosquito bite." Describe the parallel between the example given in the
article about the temperature change and the case of "scratching an itch." - ANS-a)
Some stimulus changes associated with an increase in behavior are difficult to classify
as "presentation" versus "removal" and that the use of either description may be nothing
more than an arbitrary and incomplete abbreviation for that static "prechange" and
"postchange" stimulus conditions as well as for what transpires them.
b) it is impossible to differentiate between the alleviation of the itch and the presentation
of the scratch
What are the three features of a typical negative reinforcement paradigm, according to
Hineline (1977) as cited in the current article? - ANS-The presence of aversive
stimulation, the availability of a response, and a suitable contingency between the
response and the stimulation.
4.) For time-out to be effective what is it dependent up on? (pg. 365/366) -
ANS-Time-out is highly dependent on features of the "time-in" environment.
4.) In study 3, what does "DRO 15" describe? - ANS-Differential reinforcement of other
behavior on a schedule of 15 minutes
5.) Describe what the "Ps" above the triangles represent in the top panel of Figure 3.
What was necessary to occur before there was a reduction in SIB during the "P"
sessions (hint: see the bottom panel of figure 3). - ANS-Ps represents probes. For SIB
to reduce a specific treatment plan for generalization that included the presence of
many novel therapists was necessary.
1. How might a noncontingent reinforcement procedure be viewed as an extinction
procedure? In other words, what do the two procedures have in common? - ANS-It can
, be viewed as a noncontingent reinforcement procedure because the contingency
between aberrant behavior and the reinforceing consequence is eliminated.
2. Define noncontingent escape and give an example of how it might be used. What are
the benefits of NCE over a traditional escape extinction procedure? -
ANS-Noncontingent escape is a form of extinction that may be less likely than other
forms or extinction to produce severe side effects. It would be used for abberant
behavior.
Noncontingent delivery of escape may reduce the motivation to engage in
escape-maintained behavior.
A child might be allowed to take a break after 10 minutes of work, regardless of the
behavior at the time.
3. What are the advantages of NCR over DRO? - ANS-NCR is easier to implement and
produces fewer side effects, and was at least equally effective in reducing SIB.
1.) What is one difficulty with implementing escape extinction for noncompliance with
demands? - ANS-If the client engaged in destructive behavior following an instruction,
the therapist would physically guide him to complete the task.
2.) What would escape extinction look like? - ANS-Gradually introducing demands into a
situation in which the probability of problem behavior is low and increasing the rate or
quality of reinforcement for compliance relative to that available for problem behavior.
Physically guiding the child to comply with the demand.
You don't allow extinction. You follow them around with the demand.
2.) Describe the HP sequence treatment (also known as behavioral momentum)? -
ANS-Sequence of high probability request is given, followed by a low probability request
5.) What did the "attention" control session control for in relation to the HP sequences? -
ANS-Differentiated the effects of experimenters attention from those of discriminative
stimuli for behavior maintained by high rates of reinforcement.
What is the definition of automatic reinforcement? Why is FCT not a good option for
automatically maintained behavior? - ANS-Reinforcement that is not socially
maintained.
FCT is not a good choice because the reinforcer is not socially mediated, it is not in
control of anyone else. (such as the therapist)
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