HNF 150: Minerals -Questions with Verified Solutions/ 100% Correct Minerals maintaining fluid balance - Answer ✔✔sodium, potassium Minerals maintaining acid/base balance - Answer ✔✔phosphorus, sodium Minerals maintaining electrolyte balance - Answer ✔✔sodium, pota ssium Iodine function - Answer ✔✔Thyroxine -- hormone made by thyroid gland responsible for regulating Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Iodine deficiency - Answer ✔✔goiter (thyroid gland englarges to try to absorb as much iodine as you are eating) (ALSO TOXI CITY) Sluggish, gain weight, not feeling well, tired, not energy efficient Infants -severe mental/physical mental retardation Iodine food sources - Answer ✔✔Iodized salt (processed foods), seafood, seaweed, foods grown in iodine -rich soil Zinc function - Answer ✔✔---works with proteins to help enzymes: 1. make parts of the cells genetics material 2. makes heme in hgb 3. helps the pancreas w/ digestive functions 4. helps metabolize CHO, protein, and fat 5. liberate Vit A from storage in the liver 6. Disp ose of damaging free radicals zinc food sources - Answer ✔✔Dairy products, shellfish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals zinc deficiency - Answer ✔✔shorter, night blindness, lack of appetite, diarrhea, impaired taste, impaired immunity, affects behavior and learning fluoride functions - Answer ✔✔*inhibits dental caries -suppress metabolism of plaque bacteria and reduce aci d -promotes remineralization of early lesions *makes bones stronger fluoride food sources - Answer ✔✔toothpaste fluoride deficiency - Answer ✔✔too little causes dental caries, too much can cause fluorosis (discoloration of teeth) - irreversible calcium functions - Answer ✔✔Nerve transmission Blood pressure Blood clotting Muscle contraction and heartbeat Most abundant mineral (stored in bones/teeth) calcium food sources - Answer ✔✔dark green leafy vegetables, milk, seeds, tofu, fish with bones calcium paradox - Answer ✔✔US has high calcium consumption and high osteoporosis Africa has low calcium consumption and low osteoporosis -caused by a high sodium and meat consumption, lack of vitamin D, and weight bearing exercise calcium deficiencies - Answer ✔✔stunted growth and weak bones in children, bone loss (osteoporosis) in adults
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