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HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024
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  • June 7, 2024
  • 22
  • 2023/2024
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HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified

Solutions 2024


1. The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the

disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This

measure of effect is influenced by: - ANS --the relative risk of the disease in

exposed individuals versus unexposed individuals


AND


-the prevalence of the exposure in the population




2. If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate

of the impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be

derived from: - ANS -attributable risk

,When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral

cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will

result in:


-a lower p value


-a greater odds ratio


-a smaller 95% confidence interval


3. -a higher disease prevalence - ANS --none of the above




4. An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association

between smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this

statistic would be: - ANS -Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of

those deaths are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association

exists.




5. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung

cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: - ANS -

attributable risk

, 6. Selection bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -both retrospective cohort

studies and case control studies




7. Recall bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -case control studies




8. In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were

examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found,

giving a cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort

could not be examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because

they died. Which source of bias may have affected the study? - ANS -

selection bias: survival bias




9. You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and

suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While

presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have

thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have

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