CH 1: History of Microbiology Questions with 100% Complete Solutions, Graded A+

Epidemiology - The science of when, where and how a disease is transmitted. How people come down with a certain disease, that way you could stop it from out breaking Etiology - The study of the cause of a disease, "the etiological agent" Robert Hooke - 1665, first person to describe cells, he observed that a cork was composed of "individual cells Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - 1673, father of Microbiology Observed- the first microbes- "animalcules"=molecules that acted like animals. The three morphological appearances of bacteria Described Protozoa, Molds and Yeast but not viruses because they are too small, accidentally discovered microbes Spontaneous generation - that living organisms arise from non-living matter. This theory was refuted. Ex of Spontaneous Generation - maggots forming on top of meat. Something living can spontaneously appear. Maybe disease would spontaneously generate? Biogenesis - that living organisms only arise from pre-existing living organisms Edward Jenner - 1798, before spontaneous generation was refuted, this guy was considered the father of vaccination. Exposure to cow pox would protect against infection by small pox. This was considered a vaccination to small pox. This was an accidental discovery. He actually came up with the first vaccination but did not study vaccination Louis Pasteur - French, these are some of the terms he came up with. He was actually the first to study vaccination and understand how it worked. Pasteurization - mild heating to kill off disease and spoilage causing microbes (bacteria). Can still go bad, wine was the first thing to be pasteurized. Vaccination - giving all or part of a microbe to stimulate a protective immune response Fermentation - anaerobic metabolism that yields alcohol. First to link microbes to fermentation