PSY290 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

PSY290 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Neuroscience - answerUnderstanding the associated structures that align with psychological behaviours, processing, and function. The analysis of interactions within the brain at a deeper biological level. who is the 10% brain myth attributed to? - answerWilliam James who furthered the 10% brain myth? how? - answerWilder Penfield: silent cortex: brain areas that appeared to have no function when stimulated with electricity do all neurons fire at once? - answernot all neurons fire at once, but all are active, even when sleeping why did Einstein think he had more intellectual ability? - answerdue to using more of his brain relation of classical music to intelligence - answerafter 10 mins of Mozart, there was an improvement of spatial reasoning ability on a standard IQ scale visuospatial representation and manipulation of objects What did Ebbinghaus say about psychology? - answerpsych has a long past but only a short history ancient civilizations and the brain? - answer-knew paralysis was associated with brain/nervous system damage -thought that the heart was the core of mental function in ancient Egyptian and Greek cultures heart was preserved, brain was removed and thrown away -trephining: prehistoric brain surgery -- drilling into the brain (drilling holes into the skull) -the Edwin Smith papyrus describes treatment of diseases and behavioural disorders, and the brain Aristotle beliefs - answerthe brain is a secondary organ, cooling agent for the heart, where the spirit circulates (cardiac hypothesis) Hippocrates - answerwrote that the brain is the seat of thoughts and emotions, that Aristotle was wrong Galen - answer-experience in treating brain-injured gladiators led him to propose that behaviour results from connections between the brain and nerves (animal spirits from the brain through nerves to the body) -focus on ventricles rather than the outer matter da Vinci - answerpioneered anatomical drawings, including the use of cross sections from direct observation Descartes - answerexplained animal behaviour in terms of a machine, proposed the concept of spinal reflexes and their neural pathway -intense heat on the toe causes nervous activity to flow up the nerve to the brain, reflected to leg muscles, causes contraction and withdrawal of the foot -after observing a fountain that would spray water into one's face when stepped upon, he believed that the brain sat upon glands that it would apply pressure to and utilize -argued that free will and moral choice could not come form a mere machine -asserted that humans had a nonmaterial soul and a material body: -soul governed behaviour through a point of contact in the brain (possibly pineal gland) -dualism Descartes also proposed that an impulse is sent to the brain (reacting from a stimulus like a flame) in one channel, then reacted to and sent back in a second channel to create output (movement). He called it a reflection, wherein the word reflex was then derived and conceptualized Luigi Galvani - answer-found that neural communication has an electrical nature (through stimulating frog legs) -When stimulating deceased frogs' legs he saw response that indicated to him an electrical connection between brain functioning and bodily response Charles Darwin - answerrational behaviour can be explained by workings of the nervous system...no need for non-material mind (18th century) -materialism: "a theory that physical matter is the only or fundamental reality and that all being and processes and phenomena can be explained as manifestations or results of matter" Francis Gall - answersuggested that the brain would grow after use → like any other visible muscle