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MICR 271 Midterm questions with correct answers.pdf
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MICR 271 Midterm questions with correct
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MICR 271 Midterm questions withcorrect answers
3 Domains -correct answer 1)Archaea
2)Bacteria
3)Eukaryota
Endosymbiont Theory Definition - correct answer Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes
based on similarities found between bacteria and mitochondria
Microbe Definition - correct answer microscopic living organism that may be single
celled (prokaryotic) or multicellular (eukaryotic)
_____________ is abundant in the atmosphere but only a few species of microbes can
use it in this form - correct answer Nitrogen
The total biomass on Earth of bacteria is approaching that of ________ correct answer -
plants
,There are typically ____________ bacteria in a gram of soil and __________________
bacteria in a mL of fresh water - correct answer 50 million; 1 million
A human consists of __________ more bacteria cells than human cells and
____________ more microbial genes than human genes - correct answer 10x; 100x
Photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) produce _____________________ correct
answer - 50% of the oxygen we breathe
STUDY CHART W DIFFERENCES BW EUKARYOTES & PROKARYOTES -
Major difference in structure of eukaryotes vs prokaryotes - correct answer Eukaryotes
have membrane bound organelles and prokaryotes do not
Explain the endosymbiotic theory - correct answer 1)Eukaryotes evolved from
prokaryotes based on similarities bw bacteria and mitochondria
2)Mitochondria & chloroplasts evolved from free-living bacteria via symbiosis within a
eukaryotic host cell
, 3)2 key diffs bw bacteria & miochondria= these organelles contain their own DNA &
distinct translation system
What are the 2 theories of mitochondrial symbiosis/endosymbiont hypothesis - correct
answer 1)Archezoan Scenario
2)Symbiogenesis Scenario
Define symbiosis - Living together or close association of 2 dissimilar organisms, each
of these organisms being known as a symbiont
Archezoan Scenario - -one of the theories of mitochondrial symbiosis
-A primitive mitochondrial eukaryote cell phagocytosed an a-proteobacterium which led
to evolution of mitochondrion
-fallen out of favour
Symbiogenesis Scenario - -theory of endosymbiont theory/mitochondrial symbiosis
1)States complexity of eukaryotic cell and its defining features emerged after
mitochondrial symbiosis, not before
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