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Chapter 01: Health and Wellness
Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. The nurse is using the population health promotion model to develop actions for
improving health. After asking, ―On what should we take action?; ―How should we take
action?; and ―Why should we take action?‖ the nurse will ask which of the following
questions?
a. ―With whom should we act?
b. ―When should we take action?
c. ―Which government should take action?
d. ―Where should we first act?
ANS: A
The next question to ask when using the population health model approach is ―With whom
should we act? The other choices are not questions included in this model.
DIF: Apply REF: 13 (Figure 1-5)
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The principle ―Health promotion is multisectoral‖ means which of the following?
a. Relationships between individual, social, and environmental factors must
be recognized.
b. Physical, mental, social, ecological, cultural, and spiritual aspects of health must
be recognized.
c. In order to change unhealthy living and working conditions, areas other than
health must also be involved.
d. Health promotion uses knowledge from disciplines such as social, economic,
political, environmental, medical, and nursing sciences, as well as from first-
hand experience.
ANS: C
The statement ―Health promotion is multisectoral‖ is the principle explained by
the necessity to involve areas other than health in order to change unhealthy living
and working conditions.
DIF: Understand REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease
prevention. TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
3. According to the World Health Organization, what is the best description of ―health‖?
a. Simply the absence of disease.
b. Involving the total person and environment.
c. Strictly personal in nature.
d. Status of pathological state.
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ANS: B
WHO defines health as ―. . .the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one
hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or
cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not
the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal
resources, as well as physical capacities.‖ Nurses‘ attitudes toward health and illness
should consider the total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives.
People free of disease are not equally healthy. Views of health have broadened to include
mental, social, and spiritual well-being, as well as a focus on health at family and
community levels.
Conditions of life, rather than pathological states, are what determine health.
DIF: Knowledge REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss ways that definitions of health have been
conceptualized. TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
4. What priority strategy for health promotion in Canada is optional but seen as important
to incorporate in nursing education curricula?
a. Knowledge of disease prevention.
b. Strategies for health promotion.
c. Policy advocacy.
d. Concepts of determinants of health.
ANS: C
Increasingly, policy advocacy is incorporated into nursing role statements and nursing
education curricula. Nurses should think about policies that have contributed to health
problems, policies that would help alleviate health problems, and how nurses champion
public policies. Disease prevention, health promotion, and concepts of determinants of
health are integral parts of nursing curricula.
DIF: Understand REF: 11| 12
OBJ: Analyze how the nature and scope of nursing practice are influenced by different
conceptualizations of health and health TOP: Planning
determinants. MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion
and Maintenance
5. Which of the following is a prerequisite for health, as identified by the Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion?
a. Education.
b. Social support.
c. Self-esteem.
d. Physical environment.
ANS: A
Education is one of the nine prerequisites for health that were identified in the Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion. Lack of social support and low self-esteem were identified
as psychosocial risk factors by Labonte (1993). Dangerous physical environments were
identified as socioenvironmental risk factors by Labonte (1993).
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DIF: Understand REF: 4
OBJ: Discuss contributions of the following Canadian publications to
conceptualizations of health and health determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa
Charter, Epp Report, Strategies for
Population Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto TOP: Planning
Charter. MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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6. The determinant of health with the greatest effect on the health of Canadians is which
of the following?
a. Education.
b. Health services.
c. Social support networks.
d. Income and social status.
ANS: D
Income, income distribution, and social status constitute the greatest determinant of
health because they influence most other determinants. Some investigators suggest that
literacy and education are important influences on health status because they affect many
other health determinants. Approximately 25% of a population‘s health status is
attributed to the quality of its health care services. Social support affects health, health
behaviours, and health care utilization but is not the greatest determinant of health.
DIF: Understand REF: 6
OBJ: Discuss key health determinants and their interrelationships and how they
influence health. TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
7. A paraplegic patient in the hospital for an electrolyte imbalance is receiving care at which
prevention level?
a. Primary prevention level.
b. Secondary prevention level.
c. Tertiary prevention level.
d. Health promotion level.
ANS: B
The secondary prevention level focuses on early detection of disease once pathogenesis
has occurred, so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability.
The primary prevention level focuses on health promotion, specific protection measures
such as immunizations, and the reduction of risk factors such as smoking. The tertiary
prevention level focuses on minimizing residual disability.
DIF: Apply REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. The nurse incorporates levels of prevention on the basis of patient needs and the type
of nursing care provided. Which of the following is an example of tertiary level
preventive caregiving?
a. Teaching a patient how to irrigate a new temporary colostomy.
b. Providing a lesson on hygiene for an elementary school class.
c. Informing a patient that immunizations for her infant are available through
the health department.
d. Arranging for a hospice nurse to visit with the family of a patient with cancer.
ANS: D
